Energy balance Flashcards
Food energy- 3 components provide energy: Macronutrients
1-carbohydrates
2-Fats
3-Protein
Alcohol
Energy expenditure
Different people need different amounts of energy., depending on a variety of factors, including:
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
Level of physical activity
Age
Sex
Body size
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
The rate at which a person uses energy to maintain the basic function of the body.
Muscle is a major contributor to lean tissue and its resting basal state. It has a moderately high energy expenditure.
Visceral organs.
On av., women have lower BMR than men as a smaller proportion of lean tissue.
Factor influencing BMR
Age
gender
body composition
Body size
Nutrition status
Physiological state
environment
genetic differences
Health status
Psychological state
Pharmacological agents
How to estimate BMR from gender, age, and weight
males
kcal/day
Age 18-30 16.0W+545
30-60 14.2W+593
60-70 13.0W+567
70+ 13.7W+481
Females
18-30 13.1W + 558
30-60 9.74W + 694
60-70 10.2W + 572
70+ 10.0W + 577
How to estimate BMR from gender, age, weight and Height
Males
kcal/day
Age 18-30 14.4W+313H+113
30-60 11.4W+541H - 137
60+ 11.4W+541H - 256
Females
18-30 10.4W + 651H -282
30-60 8.18W + 502H +11.6
60+ 8.52W + 421H +10.7
Physical activity level (PAL)
Add activity component to BMR
Sedentary 1.4
Moderate activity 1.6 (female)
1.7 (male)
High activity 1.8 (female)
1.9 (male)
BMI calculation
MR X
Height=82kg
Weight=1.95
BMI=W/(HxH)=82kg(1.95x1.95)
BMI=21.5
Energy intake
Energy intake is defined as the caloric or energy content of food as provided by the major sources of dietary energy: carbohydrate (16.8 kJ/g), protein (16.8 kJ/g), fat (37.8 kJ/g) and alcohol (29.4 kJ/g).
Energy balance equation
Energy Intake (food)=Energy expenditure (+storage fat)
Energy in = energy out
Energy in (food)
Carbohydrates
Fats
Protein
Alcohol
Energy out
Basal metabolism (60-75%)
Thermogenesis (10%)
Physical activity (15-30%)
