Energy and Respiration

Question 1

respiration releases

Answer 1

energy to do work

Question 2

need for energy in living organisms

Answer 2

1) transport across membranes
2) mechanical work
3) metabolism
4) endotherms/ectotherms
5) Bioluminescence

Question 3

need for energy in living organisms for transport across membranes

Answer 3

1) active transport (Na+ K+ pump neuron)
2) exocytosis of digested bacteria in WBC
3) secretion of enzymes. example: amylase from salivary glands
4) secretion of hormones. example: insulin from pancreas
5) secretion of antibodies from plasma cells

Question 4

endotherms

Answer 4

warm-blooded

Question 5

ectotherms

Answer 5

cold-blooded

Question 6

need for energy in living organisms for mechanical work (movement)

Answer 6

1) contraction of muscles
2) flagella/cilia movement
3) chromosome movement with spindle
4) vesicle movement on cytoskeleton

Question 7

need for energy in living organisms for metabolism ( anabolism)

Answer 7

1) DNA replication
2) making proteins from amino acids
3) making of glycogen
4) making of triglycerides
5) transcription /transalation

Question 8

where is the energy used in protein synthesis

Answer 8

unwinding of DNA
activated RNA nucleotides
peptide bonds

Question 9

need for energy in living organisms for endotherms/ectotherms

Answer 9

temperature regulation

Question 10

why glucose does not burn spontaneously

Answer 10

glucose is quite stable, because of activation energy that has to be added before any reaction takes place
in living organisms, the activation energy is overcome by lowering it using enzymes and phosphorylation

Question 11

direct combustion of sugar

Answer 11

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

a cell has got energy

Answer 13

yielding reactions (EYR) and energy requiring reactions (ERR)

Question 14

Energy coupling occurs when the energy

Answer 14

produced by one reaction is used to drive another reaction

Question 15

energy released in EYR is

Answer 15

used to drive ERR

Question 15

connection between EYR and ERR is called

Answer 15

coupling

Question 16

EYR and ERR are in

Answer 16

the same cell

Question 17

Answer 17

Question 18

ATP full form

Answer 18

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 19

ADP full form

Answer 19

Adenosine Diphosphate

Question 20

AMP full form

Answer 20

Adenosine Monophosphate

Question 21

ATP is not an

Answer 21

energy store

Question 22

ATP is an

Answer 22

immediate source and intermediate molecule

Question 23

when energy is needed ATP is

Answer 23

hydrolyzed to ADP

Question 24

ATP-> ADP -> AMP ->A

Answer 24

starving so molecule gets used up again

Question 25

A living cell cannot store

Answer 25

significant amounts of free energy

Question 26

ATP Is the universal

Answer 26

energy currency of the cells

Question 27

each cell makes its own

Answer 27

ATP

Question 28

Answer 28

Question 29

ATP is a phosphorylated

Answer 29

nucleotide

Question 30

bonds that hold the 3 phosphate groups and the ribose together

Answer 30

one phosphate ester bond and 2 phosphate anhydride bonds

Question 31

Answer 31

Question 32

phosphate anhydride bonds have

Answer 32

high energy

Question 33

phosphate ester bonds have

Answer 33

low energy

Question 34

like charges repel so easy hydrolysis starts from

Answer 34

the terminal phosphate group, the phosphate anhydride bonds

Question 35

ATP hydrolysis conditions

Answer 35

stable, high activation energy, needs enzyme ATPase

Question 36

Answer 36