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Energy and Resources Flashcards

1
Q

What is energy

A

Energy is defined as the ability to do work

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2
Q

what are some examples of potential energy

A

Gravitational, Elastic, Chemical, Nuclear, Electrical

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3
Q

What is gravitational energy

A

when an object is elevated above the ground

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4
Q

What is chemical energy

A

Energy stored in chemicals

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5
Q

What is electrical energy

A

Flow of electrons and protons. Energy is supplied to homes, and available via power outlets

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6
Q

What is Kinetic energy

A

Energy possessed by moving objects

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7
Q

What is Heat energy

A

Causes objects to gain temperature

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8
Q

What is Light energy

A

Energy that may be released when an object is hot

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9
Q

What is sound energy

A

Energy carried by the air and detected by the ear

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
all moving objects have kinetic energy

A

TRUE

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11
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
the slower an object moves, the more kinetic energy it has

A

FALSE

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12
Q

Why do objects above the ground have gravitational energy

A

Because the Earth’s gravitational force can cause them to fall to Earth

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13
Q

Complete the sentence
the ___ an object, the more gravitational energy it has

A

higher

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14
Q

What is the formula for GPE

A

mgh
m= mass
g= gravitational acceleration - 9.8 (on Earth)
h= height

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15
Q

What is the formula for Kinetic energy

A

1/2mv2
(one divided by 2(fraction) times m(mass) v(velocity) squared(to the power of 2))

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16
Q

What is the law of Conservation of Energy

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Energy can only be transferred or transformed

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17
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Energy cannot be transferred to another object or the surrounding environment

A

FALSE

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18
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Energy cannot be transformed into other forms of energy

A

FALSE

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19
Q

What is the law of the flow of heat

A

heat continues to flow from hotter objects to colder objects until their temperatures are equal

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20
Q

How does heat flow through different objects

A

Through vibration of particles

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21
Q

What happens to particles in an object when an object absorbs heat

A

Particles move faster, take up more space(makes object expand)

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22
Q

What happens when heat hits an object

A

Transmits, absorbs, and reflects

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23
Q

What are the types of heat transfers

A

Conduction, Convection, Radiation

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24
Q

What is conduction

A

Heat likes to move from a hot area and spread out to fill out the whole surface

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25
Is conduction a transfer of heat through direct contact?
Yes
26
What is an example of conduction
examples can include: Cooking in a pan, heat moves through the pan until the pan is of consistent heat
27
What is convection
Hot particles rise, cool and become more dense, and eventually sink
28
What is Radiation
Energy emitted from a source
29
What is an example of radiation
Heat and light from the sun, Microwaves from oven
30
Why can electricity pass through metal wires on a cord
Metal is an electrical conductor
31
Why can electricity not pass through the plastic on a cord
It acts as an electrical insulator
32
What type of elements are better as conductors
Metals
33
What type of elements are better as insulators
Non-Metals
34
What is energy efficiency
A measure of any energy-converting device's ability to provide useful energy
35
What is the formula for energy efficiency
Efficiency = useful energy output ------------------------------- x100% Total energy input
36
Describe Incandescent Lightbulbs
Inefficient, Costly, Not long lasting due to tungsten
37
Describe CFLs
Efficient, minimises amount of energy wasted as heat, cheaper than Incandescent, longer lasting than Incandescent
38
Describe LEDs
Very efficient, minimises amount of energy wasted as heat, cheap, long lasting
39
What are 3 types of advancements in cooking
Induction, Electric, Gas
40
What is the purpose of a thermos flask
Keep cold drinks cold and warm drinks warm
41
Identify the four parts of a thermos flask
Stopper, Air gap, Vacuum, Silver surface
42
Describe how a thermos flask works
The vacuum in the thermos flask ensures all particles are taken out from between the 2 layers of glass in the thermos flask. The silver surfaces facing inside of the container reflect radiant heat into the container. silver surfaces facing outside of container reflect radiant heat away from container. Air in the air gap does not allow heat to travel through it by conduction. The stopper is made from an insulator that does not allow much heat to move through it by convection or conduction.
43
What are some ways to create an energy efficient house
- Solar electricity panels - solar water heaters - insulate roofs - batts insulating walls - double brick houses - minimises heat escaping - double glazed windows - reduce conduction of heat out through windows
44
What is a series circuit
- only one path which current can flow - When something stops working, the whole circuit is disrupted, doesn't flow + doesn't operate - current measured in Ammeters
45
What is a parallel circuit
- Circuit works even when one part of it breaks - Voltmeters connected in parallel
46
What are batteries
Batteries are portable providers of electrical energy. They convert chemical energy into electrical energy
47
What are the three types of batteries
Dry cell, 12 volt, Lithium
48
What are the differences between dry cells, 12 volt batteries, and Lithium batteries
Dry cells are general purpose batteries, 12 volt batteries are often used for cars ,and can be recharged, Lithium batteries are an advancement to dry cells, provide more energy, and can be recharged
49
What are some pros of mining
- good for local + national economy - High paying jobs - Benefits Australia's GDP - Useful materials
50
What are some cons of mining
- Damages environment - Dangerous - gases + falling rocks - High costs for infrastructure
51
Describe open cut mining
- vegetation and topsoil is removed - Rock beneath the topsoil(overburden) is removed - minerals are extracted - removed topsoil is used to fill previously mined areas or left in a pile to restore newly mined are
52
Describe underground mining
- More dangerous and expensive - Shafts and tunnels dug to expose and reach rock containing ore - Damage to environment is minimised
53
What is gangue
Sand + unwanted minerals when extracting ore from rocks
54
Describe the steps of obtaining ore
1. Mineral extraction - ore is separated from gangue by crushing, grinding, and washing 2. Metal Extraction - removal of metal from mineral ore by smelting or electrolysis 3. Purification - impurities removed, leaving behind pure metal
55
What are the differences between Renewable and Non Renewable resources
Renewable resources can replace or renew themselves Non - Renewable resources can't be replenished or take years to replenish
56
What are some renewable options
Solar, Water, Wind, Biomass
57
Where do fossil fuels come from
Remains of plants and animals buried under the Earth's crust for millions of years
58
What is Peat
soft, dark, rotting mass
59
What is Lignite
Brown coal
60
What is Anthracite
Black coal
61
What are the major differences between brown and black coal
- Black coal more compressed - Black coal has less moisture than brown coal - Black coal has been buried under the Earth's surface much longer - Black coal has more energy per unit
62
How is oil and gas formed
from remains of sea animals and plants buried on the ocean floor with sediments
63
What are porous rocks
rocks with tiny holes - oil forms in porous rocks
64
What are folded and faulted rocks
rocks that trap oil and gas
65
What are reservoir rocks
Rocks where oil and gas are found
66
What are Source rocks
Rocks where oil forms, porous features allow oil and gas to seep through
67
What are silicates
Compounds of silicon and oxygen
68
What are ore bodies
Regions with high concentrations of minerals
69
What are polymers (plastics)
Large molecules of repeating units called monomers
70
What are Amino acids
polymer made up of many small molecules
71
What is polythene
soft plastic used to make cling wrap, milk crates ect
72
What are synthetic fibres
fibres like nylon polyester
73
What are hydrocarbons
compounds of hydrogen and carbon
74
What is crude oil
oil obtained from ground is sticky, dark, smelly mixture of chemicals called hydrocarbons
75
Where is the word plastic derived from
The greek word 'plastikos', meaning 'able to be moulded'
76
What is acid rain
Rain falls to Earth carrying sulfuric acid
77
How is sulfuric acid produced
Sulfur dioxide reacts with moisture in the air
78
What is electroplating
Plating a metal onto another by hydrolysis to prevent corrosion
79
What are some alloys
Answers can include but are not limited to: - Cupronickel(copper and nickel) - Bronze(Copper and tin) - Brass(Copper and zinc)

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