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Science > Energy and Resources > Flashcards

Energy and Resources Flashcards

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1
Q

What is energy

A

Energy is defined as the ability to do work

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2
Q

what are some examples of potential energy

A

Gravitational, Elastic, Chemical, Nuclear, Electrical

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3
Q

What is gravitational energy

A

when an object is elevated above the ground

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4
Q

What is chemical energy

A

Energy stored in chemicals

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5
Q

What is electrical energy

A

Flow of electrons and protons. Energy is supplied to homes, and available via power outlets

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6
Q

What is Kinetic energy

A

Energy possessed by moving objects

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7
Q

What is Heat energy

A

Causes objects to gain temperature

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8
Q

What is Light energy

A

Energy that may be released when an object is hot

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9
Q

What is sound energy

A

Energy carried by the air and detected by the ear

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
all moving objects have kinetic energy

A

TRUE

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11
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
the slower an object moves, the more kinetic energy it has

A

FALSE

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12
Q

Why do objects above the ground have gravitational energy

A

Because the Earth’s gravitational force can cause them to fall to Earth

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13
Q

Complete the sentence
the ___ an object, the more gravitational energy it has

A

higher

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14
Q

What is the formula for GPE

A

mgh
m= mass
g= gravitational acceleration - 9.8 (on Earth)
h= height

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15
Q

What is the formula for Kinetic energy

A

1/2mv2
(one divided by 2(fraction) times m(mass) v(velocity) squared(to the power of 2))

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16
Q

What is the law of Conservation of Energy

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Energy can only be transferred or transformed

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17
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Energy cannot be transferred to another object or the surrounding environment

A

FALSE

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18
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Energy cannot be transformed into other forms of energy

A

FALSE

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19
Q

What is the law of the flow of heat

A

heat continues to flow from hotter objects to colder objects until their temperatures are equal

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20
Q

How does heat flow through different objects

A

Through vibration of particles

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21
Q

What happens to particles in an object when an object absorbs heat

A

Particles move faster, take up more space(makes object expand)

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22
Q

What happens when heat hits an object

A

Transmits, absorbs, and reflects

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23
Q

What are the types of heat transfers

A

Conduction, Convection, Radiation

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24
Q

What is conduction

A

Heat likes to move from a hot area and spread out to fill out the whole surface

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25
Q

Is conduction a transfer of heat through direct contact?

A

Yes

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26
Q

What is an example of conduction

A

examples can include: Cooking in a pan, heat moves through the pan until the pan is of consistent heat

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27
Q

What is convection

A

Hot particles rise, cool and become more dense, and eventually sink

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28
Q

What is Radiation

A

Energy emitted from a source

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29
Q

What is an example of radiation

A

Heat and light from the sun, Microwaves from oven

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30
Q

Why can electricity pass through metal wires on a cord

A

Metal is an electrical conductor

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31
Q

Why can electricity not pass through the plastic on a cord

A

It acts as an electrical insulator

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32
Q

What type of elements are better as conductors

A

Metals

33
Q

What type of elements are better as insulators

A

Non-Metals

34
Q

What is energy efficiency

A

A measure of any energy-converting device’s ability to provide useful energy

35
Q

What is the formula for energy efficiency

A

Efficiency =
useful energy output
——————————- x100%
Total energy input

36
Q

Describe Incandescent Lightbulbs

A

Inefficient, Costly, Not long lasting due to tungsten

37
Q

Describe CFLs

A

Efficient, minimises amount of energy wasted as heat, cheaper than Incandescent, longer lasting than Incandescent

38
Q

Describe LEDs

A

Very efficient, minimises amount of energy wasted as heat, cheap, long lasting

39
Q

What are 3 types of advancements in cooking

A

Induction, Electric, Gas

40
Q

What is the purpose of a thermos flask

A

Keep cold drinks cold and warm drinks warm

41
Q

Identify the four parts of a thermos flask

A

Stopper, Air gap, Vacuum, Silver surface

42
Q

Describe how a thermos flask works

A

The vacuum in the thermos flask ensures all particles are taken out from between the 2 layers of glass in the thermos flask.

The silver surfaces facing inside of the container reflect radiant heat into the container. silver surfaces facing outside of container reflect radiant heat away from container.

Air in the air gap does not allow heat to travel through it by conduction.

The stopper is made from an insulator that does not allow much heat to move through it by convection or conduction.

43
Q

What are some ways to create an energy efficient house

A
  • Solar electricity panels
  • solar water heaters
  • insulate roofs - batts
    insulating walls - double brick houses - minimises heat escaping
  • double glazed windows - reduce conduction of heat out through windows
44
Q

What is a series circuit

A
  • only one path which current can flow
  • When something stops working, the whole circuit is disrupted, doesn’t flow + doesn’t operate
  • current measured in Ammeters
45
Q

What is a parallel circuit

A
  • Circuit works even when one part of it breaks
  • Voltmeters connected in parallel
46
Q

What are batteries

A

Batteries are portable providers of electrical energy. They convert chemical energy into electrical energy

47
Q

What are the three types of batteries

A

Dry cell, 12 volt, Lithium

48
Q

What are the differences between dry cells, 12 volt batteries, and Lithium batteries

A

Dry cells are general purpose batteries, 12 volt batteries are often used for cars ,and can be recharged, Lithium batteries are an advancement to dry cells, provide more energy, and can be recharged

49
Q

What are some pros of mining

A
  • good for local + national economy
  • High paying jobs
  • Benefits Australia’s GDP
  • Useful materials
50
Q

What are some cons of mining

A
  • Damages environment
  • Dangerous - gases + falling rocks
  • High costs for infrastructure
51
Q

Describe open cut mining

A
  • vegetation and topsoil is removed
  • Rock beneath the topsoil(overburden) is removed
  • minerals are extracted
  • removed topsoil is used to fill previously mined areas or left in a pile to restore newly mined are
52
Q

Describe underground mining

A
  • More dangerous and expensive
  • Shafts and tunnels dug to expose and reach rock containing ore
  • Damage to environment is minimised
53
Q

What is gangue

A

Sand + unwanted minerals when extracting ore from rocks

54
Q

Describe the steps of obtaining ore

A
  1. Mineral extraction - ore is separated from gangue by crushing, grinding, and washing
  2. Metal Extraction - removal of metal from mineral ore by smelting or electrolysis
  3. Purification - impurities removed, leaving behind pure metal
55
Q

What are the differences between Renewable and Non Renewable resources

A

Renewable resources can replace or renew themselves

Non - Renewable resources can’t be replenished or take years to replenish

56
Q

What are some renewable options

A

Solar, Water, Wind, Biomass

57
Q

Where do fossil fuels come from

A

Remains of plants and animals buried under the Earth’s crust for millions of years

58
Q

What is Peat

A

soft, dark, rotting mass

59
Q

What is Lignite

A

Brown coal

60
Q

What is Anthracite

A

Black coal

61
Q

What are the major differences between brown and black coal

A
  • Black coal more compressed
  • Black coal has less moisture than brown coal
  • Black coal has been buried under the Earth’s surface much longer
  • Black coal has more energy per unit
62
Q

How is oil and gas formed

A

from remains of sea animals and plants buried on the ocean floor with sediments

63
Q

What are porous rocks

A

rocks with tiny holes - oil forms in porous rocks

64
Q

What are folded and faulted rocks

A

rocks that trap oil and gas

65
Q

What are reservoir rocks

A

Rocks where oil and gas are found

66
Q

What are Source rocks

A

Rocks where oil forms, porous features allow oil and gas to seep through

67
Q

What are silicates

A

Compounds of silicon and oxygen

68
Q

What are ore bodies

A

Regions with high concentrations of minerals

69
Q

What are polymers (plastics)

A

Large molecules of repeating units called monomers

70
Q

What are Amino acids

A

polymer made up of many small molecules

71
Q

What is polythene

A

soft plastic used to make cling wrap, milk crates ect

72
Q

What are synthetic fibres

A

fibres like nylon polyester

73
Q

What are hydrocarbons

A

compounds of hydrogen and carbon

74
Q

What is crude oil

A

oil obtained from ground is sticky, dark, smelly mixture of chemicals called hydrocarbons

75
Q

Where is the word plastic derived from

A

The greek word ‘plastikos’, meaning ‘able to be moulded’

76
Q

What is acid rain

A

Rain falls to Earth carrying sulfuric acid

77
Q

How is sulfuric acid produced

A

Sulfur dioxide reacts with moisture in the air

78
Q

What is electroplating

A

Plating a metal onto another by hydrolysis to prevent corrosion

79
Q

What are some alloys

A

Answers can include but are not limited to:
- Cupronickel(copper and nickel)
- Bronze(Copper and tin)
- Brass(Copper and zinc)

Science (1 decks)

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