Energy and Properties of Matter Flashcards
Definition of kinetic energy
The energy of a moving object, depending on mass and speed.
Definition of potential energy
The energy an object CAN have due to its height and mass.
Definition of power
The rate of transformation of energy from one form to another.
Definition of specific heat capacity
Different materials require different amounts of energy to increase their temperature by 1°.
Definition of temperature
A measure of the mean kinetic energy of its particles.
The 4 names of changing state through latent heat
Solid to liquid = melting
Liquid to solid = solidifying
Liquid to gas = vaporising
Gas to liquid = condensing
Definition of latent heat
A change of state, NOT change of temperature
Latent heat of fusion
The energy required to melt or freeze 1 kg of a substance with no change in temperature.
Latent heat of vaporisation
The energy required to boil or condense 1kg of a substance with no change in temperature.
Definition of pressure
When an object exerts a force on another object, this force is spread across the entire surface area of contact. The amount of force exerted on a unit area is defined as pressure.
Converting between Kelvin and Celsius
Temperature in K = temperature in °C - 273
Temperature in °C = temperature in K +273
What is the absolute zero of temperature?
0K = -273°C
Explain the kinetic model
Temperature increases, so the average kinetic energy and speed of the particles increases. This means that they will be hitting the sides of a container harder and more frequently than before. The increase of force over the same area means that pressure increases.
