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ENVISCI > Energy and Material Flow in the Ecosystem > Flashcards

Energy and Material Flow in the Ecosystem Flashcards

1
Q

The network demonstrates how different nutrients and energy sources connect diverse creatures to one another.

A

Food chain

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2
Q

Demonstrates the relationships between food chains— overall

A

Food web

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3
Q

Process in which collect solar energy and convert it into organic compounds that may be consumed as food.

A

Photosynthesis

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4
Q

Chemical reaction that occurs when organic molecules from food react with other chemicals– generating energy.

A

Cellular respiration

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5
Q

Trophic Level

A

An organism’s position relative to the primary energy souce. “Sun”

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6
Q

A model that represents the relative amount of matter and energy contained within each trophic level of an ecosystem.

A

Ecological Pyramid

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7
Q

Sequence of processes ranging from the extraction of raw material via its processing, reprocessing and machining up to the finished product and delivery to the end consumer.

A

Material Flow

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8
Q

Used in primary production or manufacturing of a good.

A

Materials (Goods/raw, Elements, Compound)

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9
Q

Common between Energy and Material Cycles

A
  1. transferred from one living thing to the next when one animal eats another
  2. found in the bodies of animals and plants
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10
Q

Difference between Energy and Materials Cycles

A

EC: Originates with the sun, cannot be reused, lost as heat, one way path.
MC: Recycled/ Reused, circular path

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11
Q

Field that tracks factors related to changes in population.

A

Human Population Dynamics

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12
Q

Population Dynamics importance?

A

Helps to determine the environmental impact of human activity.

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13
Q

One widely-cited formula by Paul R. Ehrlich and John P. Holdren in 1974

A

Environmental Impact = Population x Affluence (Consumption) x Technology

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14
Q

Future Population Growth?

A

2 billion in the next 30 years.

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15
Q

Key metric for assessing population health

A

Life expectancy

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16
Q

Child Mortality vs. Infant Mortality

A

CM: Death under the age of five
IM: Death under the age of one

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17
Q

Average number of children per woman

A

Fertility Rate

18
Q

Proportionate numbers of people in different age categories in a given population for a defined time.

A

Age Structure

19
Q

Species adaptation to the rhythms of change of local conditions.

A

Animal Population Dynamics

20
Q

The relationship of mortality to population growth

A

inversely proportional

21
Q

Interaction between herbivorous animals and plants they eat.

A

Herbivory

22
Q

Interaction in which both partners benefit

A

Mutualism

23
Q

Interaction in which one species benefits and the other is harmed

A

Parasitism

24
Q

Interaction in which one benefits and the other is unaffected

A

Commensalism

25
Q

Hide or disguise the presence of the other species.

A

Camouflage

26
Q

Substances released by prey to reduce predation risk.

A

Chemical Defense

27
Q

One animal resembles another species– deceives a potential predator

A

Mimicry

28
Q

Hard, needle-like anatomical structures found in both in/vertebrate species.

A

Spines and Spikes

29
Q

Types of Regulatory Mechanisms

A

Individual adjustment,
Biocenotic Regulation,
Population Regulation,

30
Q

Factors that affect population growth

A

water, light, habitat, niche, competition, predation

31
Q

“never-ending arms race”

A

Microbial Population Dynamics

32
Q

extracellular substances produced by organisms– predominantly linked to a protein during exercise

A

Bacteriocins

33
Q

Numerous environmental factors as well as the characteristics of the individual bacterial species govern the generation time, which differs among bacteria.

A

Bacterial Growth Curve

34
Q

Importance of bacteria to humans (category)

A

food, industry, medicine

35
Q

Evolution of bacteria

A

Since the beginning of Earth’s history, bacteria have existed. Since the early Precambrian Period, or roughly 3.5 billion years ago.

36
Q

Factors affecting bacterial growth

A

Nutrients: water, carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic salts, growth factors, sulfur source, phosphorous source.
Environmental Factors: temperature, gas (oxygen), pH, osmotic pressure.
Physical: oxygen, temperature, pH

37
Q

the carbon and energy needed by this bacterial metabolism come from organic molecules.

A

Heterotrophic Metabolism

38
Q

uses carbon dioxide as their carbon source to produce every component of their cells.

A

Autotrophic Metabolism

39
Q

The process of photosynthesis transforms solar energy into cellular energy. (bacterial metabolism)

A

Phototrophic Metabolism

40
Q

Classification of Bacteria

A

Taxonomic Rankings
Bacterial Species Problem
Genetic Approaches
DNA-Based Methods-
165 rRNA analysis

ENVISCI (3 decks)

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