Energy and Heat - chp 4 Flashcards
Energy
Ability to do Work
Potential Energy
energy of position
Kinetic energy
Energy of motion
Thermal energy
total kinetic energy of the particles of a substance
- as the temperature increases, the particles move faster –> greater thermal energy
- the more mass = more particles present and moving ==> more thermal energy
temperature
measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance
thermometer
instrument to measure temperature
Meaured in Fahrenheit or Celsius
Thermal Expansion
when the temperature change is not great, a substance doesn’t change state. So the substance’s particles move faster and occupy a larger space
Calorie
an amount of thermal energy needed to raise temp of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.
heat
transfer of thermal energy from one substance to another
Conduction
heat transfer than occurs when particles bump into each other
conductors
substances that allow heat to move through them easily; the best conductors are metal
Insulators
substances that do not allow heat to move through them easily
Examples: wood, brick, plastic,
convection
heat transfer that occurs when particles carry thermal energy as them move from one place to another.
Radiation
heat transfer that occurs when there are no particles to carry the energy
Fuel
any substance that releases energy when it burns
Examples: wood, oil, gasolines
fossil fuels
formed when the remains of plants/animals were buried quickly during the Genesis Flood.
Examples: coal, crude oil, natural gas
How are fossil fuels formed
formed when the remains of plants and animals were buried quickly during the Genesis Flood.
3 uses of fuels
- heat homes
- cook food, dry clothes and heat water
- power plants use fuel to produce electricity
- Industries burn fuels to make products
Thermal energy in everyday life
- body creates thermal energy when exercising - released by sweating
- computer produces heat from electricity - a fan moves heat away to protect the parts
- car can overheat - radiater and fan move heat away from engine
controlling heat while in space
temperatures can change suddenly from intense cold to intense heat. In order for astronauts and space craft to survive, they must keep everything within a specific temp range.
What causes heat that occurs when a spacecraft takes off or lands
FRICTION
What technology causes a lot of heat inside the ISS
special blanket made of mylar and dacron
