Energy and Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of cells

A

To break down and rebuild macromolecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Metabolism

A

the chemical reactions inside cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Catabolic pathway

A

Breaks bonds, releasing energy
- Using Kinetic energy (motion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anabolic

A

Bonds formed, stores potential energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Thermodynamics 1st Law

A

“Energy can neither be created nor destroyed (conservation of energy)”

  • But energy can change forms, transfer, flow
  • Consequence of the 1st law: the total energy of a ‘closed’ system does not change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Thermodynamics 2nd Law (Entropy Rules)

A
  • Energy transfer is not 100% efficient
  • Entropy: (Disorder) Cannot be transformed into useful energy
    -> Heat flows from high temp to low temp
    -> Gas = most disordered state of water
    -> Biological systems do Heat transfer = increase Entropy = Thermal Equilibrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Free energy

A

Usable energy released from a chemical reaction avaible after accounting for entropy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Enthalpy

A
  • Total heat content of a system
  • The total energy of a system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Endergonic reactions

A
  • When change in free energy > 0
  • Products have more stored/potential energy than reactants
  • Forming bonds that will store energy
  • Non-spontaneous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Exergonic reactions

A
  • When change in free energy < 0
  • Reactants have more stored/potential energy than products
  • Break bonds, releases energy
    -> The kinetic energy performs work due to increased Entropy
  • Spontaneous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Activation Energy (EA)

A
  • Energy input for endergonic/exergonic reactions
  • Higher EA = slower reaction
  • Endergonic = slowest reaction, requires most EA bc of energy barrier need to break bonds in reactants before forming new bonds
  • EA comes from heat that produces high energy collisions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does EA do for exergonic reactions

A
  • When bonds break: Unstable High Energy Transition State - but EA overcomes this energy barrier
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ATP

A
  • Energy currency
  • Adenine, a sugar, 3 phosphate groups forms the nulceic acid “ATP”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does the free energy released in ATP hydrolysis work inside a cell?

A

It is immediately transferred to another molecule via an enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Enzymes

A
  • Use ATP to regulate and speed up reactions in cells
  • Reduce EA bc they stabilize transition state
    -> Do this by energy coupling, by first energying themselves
  • Enzymes don’t change free or potential energy of reactants or products
  • They don’t create reactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Step 1: Energy coupling- enzyme activation

A
  • Enzyme has to change shape and become a higher energy state
  • Uses energy stored in the gamma phosphate bond: By breaking the bond and adding the phosphate to itself:
  • You now have a higher energy enzyme that can catalyze a reaction
17
Q

Step 2: Catalysis

A
  • Enzyme will bind two substrates and bring them into proximity
  • Then uses the phosphate to build that bond (in the proximity)