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Physics Gcse Higher 9-1 > Energy and electricity > Flashcards

Energy and electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 8 energy stores?

A

Thermal Kinetic gravitational potential elastic potential chemical magnetic electrostatic nuclear

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2
Q

Give two methods of energy transfer

A

Mechanically and electrically

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3
Q

How does the way energy is stored change when someone throws a ball upwards?

A

Energy transferred from the chemical energy store the persons arm to the kinetic energy stores of the arm and the ball once the ball with release energy is transferred from kinetic energy store the board to its gravitational potential gravity energy store

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4
Q

Which has more energy in its kinetic energy store a person walking at 3 mph or a lorry travelling at 60 mph

A

I Lorry travelling at 60 mph

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5
Q

What is specific heat capacity

A

Specific heat capacity of the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of the substance by 1°C

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6
Q

What is the conservation of energy principle

A

Energy can be transferred usefully stored or dissipated but can never be created or destroyed

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7
Q

What is conduction

A

Conduction is the process where vibrating particles transfer energy to neighbouring particles

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8
Q

What is convection

A

Convection is where energetic particles move away from the hotter to cooler regions

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9
Q

What is Power stage units is measured in

A

Power is the rate of doing work the units are watts

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10
Q

Give one where you could use the frictional forces in the hinge of an automatic door

A

Lubrication

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11
Q

For a given material how does it thermal conductivity affect the rate of energy transfer through it

A

The higher the rate of thermoconductivity the greater the rate of energy transfer through it

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12
Q

Why is the efficiency of an appliance always less than 100%

A

Some of the energy is always dissipated so less than 100% of the input energy transfer transferred usefully

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13
Q

Name three nonrenewable energy sources

A

Coal oil and natural gas

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14
Q

Give one advantage and one disadvantage associated with the reliability of renewable resources

A

Will never run out and energy output often can’t respond to immediate increases of energy demand

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15
Q

Give two ways in which student cold and energy resource can cause environmental problems

A

It releases greenhouse gases and contributes to global warming causes acid rain

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16
Q

Suggest two reasons why we can’t just stop using fossil fuels immediately

A

Renewable resaws is don’t currently provide enough energy and energy from honourable resources cannot be relied on upon currently

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17
Q

What are the units for resistance

A

Ohms

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18
Q

How does the current through a component vary with resistance for a fixed potential difference

A

The greater the resistance of the smaller the current Small of the resistance the greater the current

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19
Q

Give an example of an Ohmic conductor

A

A wire/ resistor

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20
Q

How should a voltmeter be connected in a circuit to measure the potential difference across the component

A

Across

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21
Q

What is an I-V characteristic

A

A graph that shows how the current flowing through a component change it as potential difference across it varies

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22
Q

One use of a light dependent resistor

A

Automatic night lights/ burglar detector

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23
Q

What happened to the resistance of a thermistor as the temperature increases

A

The resistance decreases

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24
Q

Give. One practical disadvantage of series circuits

A

You can’t switch components on and off independently

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25
Q

How do you work out the total resistance in a series circuit

A

Total resistance of the sum of all resistances

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26
Q

Which has the higher total resistance to resistors in a series all the same to resistors in parallel

A

Two resistors connected in series

27
Q

Name the three wires in a three core cable that connects electrical appliances to the mains supply

A

Livewire neutral wire and earth wire

28
Q

What is the main energy transfer one electric current flows through an electric kettle

A

Energy is transferred electronically to the thermal energy store of the heating element

29
Q

What is the National Grid

A

Network of cables and Transformers that distributes electricity across the country

30
Q

Define current

A

Flow of charge

31
Q

What is meant by potential difference and resistance in the circuit

A

Potential difference is the driving force that pushes the charge around and resistance is anything in a circuit that slows the flow down

32
Q

What is an Ohmic conductor

A

It obeys ohms law and has a constant resistance at a constant temperature and current flowing through the conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it

33
Q

Name one linear component and one non-linear components

A

A resistor is linear and a diodes is non-linear

34
Q

Explain how the resistance of an LDR varies with light intensity

A

As it gets darker resistance increases as it gets lighter resistance decreases

35
Q

What happens to the resistance of a thermistor as it gets colder

A

As it gets colder resistance increases

36
Q

True or false potential difference is shared between components in a series circuit

A

True

37
Q

True or false the potential difference across each component connected in a parallel is different

A

False

38
Q

Explain why adding resistors in parallel decreases the total resistance of the circuit but adding them on a series increase of the total resistance

A

Potential difference is the same everywhere is a parallel circuit which means the current flow is the same as the potential difference for every resistor you add but by adding another loop current has more directions to go in which increases current and decreases resistance. However in series the PD across each resistor is lower so the current through each resistor is also lower and current is the same everywhere so current is reduced when a resistor is added this means total resistance increases

39
Q

True or false? Mains supply electricity is an alternating current

A

True

40
Q

What is the potential difference and the frequency of the uk mains supply

A

230V and 50Hz

41
Q

Name and give the colours of the three wires in a three core cable

A

Live-brown
Neutral-blue
Earth-yellow and green

42
Q

Explain why touching a live wire is dangerous

A

You would get an electric shock which means current will flow through you

43
Q

What is the power rating of an appliance

A

Shows the power it consumes

44
Q

Explain why electricity is transferred by the national grid at high PD but low current

A

Less waste energy

45
Q

What are the functions of a step up and a step down transformers

A

Potential difference is increased using a step up transformer for high demand and reduced by step down transformers

46
Q

What is a system

A

A single object

47
Q

Describe the energy transfers that occur when a car collided with a stationary object

A

The object does the work as it causes energy to be transferred from the car’s kinetic energy store to other energy stores

48
Q

If energy is transferred to an object’s kinetic energy store what happens to the speed

A

Slows down

49
Q

What kind of energy store is energy transferred to when you compress a string

A

Elastic potential energy

50
Q

Which does he variable ‘e’ stand for in the equation for energy in elastic potential energy store

A

Elastic potential energy

51
Q

What is the definition of the specific heat capacity of a material

A

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 (degree Celsius)

52
Q

Suggest why a material with a high specific heat capacity is better suited for use in a heating system than a material with a low specific heat capacity

A

It absorbs heat and raises heat quicker

53
Q

True or false? Energy can be destroyed

A

False

54
Q

How much energy is transferred per second to a 50W device

A

50J

55
Q

True or false? A high thermal conductivity means there is a high rate of energy transfer

A

True

56
Q

How can you reduce unwanted energy transfers in a machine with moving components

A

Insulating or lubricating

57
Q

Give four ways to prevent unwanted energy transfers in the home

A

Loft insulation cavity walls double glazed windows and draught excluders

58
Q

True or false thicker walls cool down a house quicker

A

False because thicker walls lower the rate of thermal conductivity and therefore the rate of energy transfer

59
Q

Name four renewable energy resources

A

Wind,hydro,solar and nuclear

60
Q

What’s the difference between renewable and non renewable

A

Renewable has a constant supply and non renewable cannot be made again

61
Q

Give an example of how a renewable energy resource is used in every day life

A

Electricity in houses supplies by gas and oil

62
Q

Explain why solar power is considered to be a fairly reliable energy resource

A

It’s a reliable source but only during day time

63
Q

Give one environmental impact of using wave power to generate electricity

A

Causes flooding and loss of habitat

Physics Gcse Higher 9-1 (4 decks)

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