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Year 9 Science > Energy And Electricity > Flashcards

Energy And Electricity Flashcards

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0
Q

What is energy needed for?

A

Keep our bodies working
Make machines work
Heat homes, schools and offices

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1
Q

Name all of the different forms of energy.

A 
Sound 
Nuclear
Solar/light
Thermal/heat
Kinetic
Chemical potential
Gravitational potential
Elastic potential
Electrical
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2
Q

Name the energies in action

A 
Heat energy
Light energy 
Sound energy 
Electrical energy
Kinetic (movement) energy
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3
Q

What is chemical energy stored in?

A

Food
Fuels
Cells

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4
Q

What is gravitational potential energy stored in?

A

High up things

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5
Q

What is elastic energy stored in?

A

Stretched or squashed things

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6
Q

What is nuclear energy stored in?

A

Atoms

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7
Q

How is energy measured?

A

Joules (J)
Kilojoules (kJ)
There are 1000 joules in a Kilojoule
There are 1000000 (1 million) joules in a megajoule

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8
Q

Describe energy

A

Energy cannot be made or destroyed, but it can only be changed from one form to another. This is the law of conservation of energy.

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9
Q

What is needed for a voltage?

A

A circuit with a cell or power supply.

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10
Q

What does voltage do?

A

Pushes electrons around the circuit and gives them energy.

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11
Q

What happens to energy in a circuit?

A

The electrical energy is transferred to other components in the circuit, which convert into other forms of energy. For instance, a lightbulb transfers electrical energy into heat and light energy.

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12
Q

Electricity is supplied to homes and factories as ____________ _____________.

This travels along cables connected to the ______________ ________.

A

Mains electricity

National Grid.

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13
Q

In an average power station, what is burnt to release heat energy?

A

Fossil fuels

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14
Q

Describe the step by step process of generating electricity in power stations.

A

First fossil fuels are burnt. This releases beat energy and this is used to turn the water into steam.

The steam is forced through fans called turbines making them turn around.

The turbines turn generators. These are large magnets inside massive coils of wire. A moving magnet inside the coils of wire creates electricity and an electrical current.

The electricity flows through a transformer and into cables which flow into the National Grid.

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15
Q

What does the transformer do?

A

It changes the amount of voltage to 230 volts, the safe voltage for household appliances. This is called “step down”

16
Q

What is nuclear fuel made from?

A

A radioactive metal called uranium.

17
Q

Name one form of energy that does not come from the sun?

A

Nuclear energy.

18
Q

Where else can electricity be generated from?

A

Renewable sources such as

Wind
Moving water

19
Q

Why do we need renewable energy?

A

Because one day fossil fuels will run out and we will need to replace them.

20
Q

What can be used for portable electricity and when do we need it?

A

Cells (batteries) are needed when we are not close to the mains.

21
Q

What do cells store?

What happens when they run out of energy?

A

Chemical energy which can be changed into electrical energy.

Cells go flat when they run out of chemical energy. Some cells can be recharged.

22
Q

Not all energy can be….

A

…turned into a form we want, therefore a lot of energy is wasted.

23
Q

Give an example of useful and wasted energy in a car.

A

Useful- kinetic.

Wasted- heT and sound.

24
Q

What is efficiency?

A

The percentage of useful energy produced by something.

For example, the human body is 25% efficient.

25
Q

Describe or draw a Sankey diagram when a person has
25% useful kinetic energy
And 75% wasted heat energy.

A

See summary sheet

26
Q

What is a machine?

A

Something that changes energy.

27
Q

Give an wxample of the energy transfer diagram of a light bulb.

A

Chemical energy➡️electrical energy➡️LIGHT ENERGY (useful)➕HEAT ENERGY (wasted)

28
Q

How do you measure voltage?

A

Using a voltmeter.

29
Q

What are the units for voltage?

A

Volts.

30
Q

The voltage across a component is a way…

A

Of measuring how much energy the component is transferring.

31
Q

What is special about the voltage of a series circuit?

A

The voltage across the components next to each other across the circuit add up to the voltage of the cell.

Year 9 Science (8 decks)

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