energy and chemical reactions Flashcards
what is the first law of thermodynamics
energy can change forms but it cannot be created or destroyed
(conservation of energy)
what is the second law of thermodynamics
entropy of an isolated system always increases
what happens as entropy increases
a system becomes more disordered. less energy is available for organisms to use to promote change
what is usable energy
the ability to promote change or do work
what is kinetic energy
the energy of motion
what is potential energy
the energy of location or structure
what kind of energy is chemical energy (potential or kinetic)
potential
what kind of energy is stored in molecular bonds (potential or kinetic)
potential
wha is entropy
unusable energy
what is enthalpy
total energy
what is free energy
the amount of energy for work
what is the equation for total energy
total energy= usable energy + unusable energy
what does the change in usable energy determine
the direction of chemical reactions
what does exergonic mean
spontaneous
when is a chemical reaction exergonic
when the chin in usable energy (G) is negative
what are the qualities of an exergonic chemical reaction
- products have less free energy than reactants
- free energy is released by the reaction
what does endergonic mean
not spontaneous
when is a chemical reaction endergonic
when the change in free energy (G) is positive
what are the qualities of an endergonic reaction
- products have more free energy than reactants
- requires addition of energy to drive the reaction
what happens during ATP hydrolysis
ATP is hydrolyzed and becomes ADP + Pi
