Energy and Change Flashcards
What does a carnivore eat?
Meat
What does a herbivore eat?
Vegetation
What does an omnivore eat?
Meat and vegetation
Where do humans get energy?
From food
Where do plants get water and other nutrients from?
From the soil
Describe the energy chain
Plants use light energy to make food. They store food in their bodies. Animals and people eat the plants. Carnivores eat other animals.
Describe the energy chain that involves grass, the grasshopper, the snake, the hawk and decomposers.
The grasshopper eats grass. The snake eats the grasshopper, and is eaten by the hawk. When the hawk dies, its body is consumed by decomposers.
Name two kinds of decomposer.
Bacteria and fungi
Why are decomposers important?
They break down dead material.
What is energy?
The ability to do work
What do we need energy for?
Everything
Where does energy come from?
The sun and the food we eat
Classify each of these as producers, consumers and decomposers: apple tree mushroom dragonfly daffodil cougar snake hawk carrot bamboo bacteria pigeon catfish
apple tree - producer mushroom - decomposer dragonfly - consumer daffodil - producer cougar - consumer snake - consumer hawk - consumer carrot - producer bamboo - producer bacteria - decomposer pigeon - consumer catfish - consumer
Name four kinds of energy
Sound, light, heat and movement
How are coal, natural gas and oil produced?
When animals and trees die, they get buried, and turn into fossil fuels.
What are petrol and diesel made from?
Oil
What energy transfer takes place when we burn wood?
Stored energy in the wood is turned into heat and light
What kinds of energy do we get from: the sun food petrol batteries wind electricity
the sun - heat and light food - movement petrol - movement batteries - movement, heat, light, sound wind - movement electricity - movement, heat, light, sound
What are renewable resources?
Resources that can be re-used - like wind, water, the sun
What are non-renewable resources?
Things that are gone for ever when they are used - fossil fuels
What is a system?
Two or more parts that work together to make things happen.
What is the input energy of a kettle?
Electricity
What are the input energy and output energy of a truck?
Diesel and movement
What is solar energy? How is it turned into electricity?
A solar panel absorbs sunlight and traps it as heat, which is then turned into electricity.
How is water energy used?
Moving water turns a wheel, which can be used to drive a pump or a grinder, or to generate electricity.
How is wind energy used?
In sails or windmills, to propel craft, or generate electricity
Give an example of movement energy being turned into sound.
Wind-up radio
What are the input and output energy of a ceiling fan?
Electricity is input, and movement is output
How are sounds made? Give examples.
Something vibrates. The surface of a drum, a guitar string, or vocal cords
How do we make sounds louder?
By putting more energy into them, or by connecting a vibrating object to a large surface
How do we make low-pitched and high-pitched sounds?
Low-pitched sounds from long objects, high-pitched sounds from short objects
How do we hear?
Our eardrum vibrates, small bones in ear vibrate, liquid in ear vibrates making small hairs vibrate. Vibrating hairs send messages to brain
What is noise pollution?
Loud noises from trucks, cars, sirens, aeroplanes and factories
What are nutrients?
Substances in food that living things need to live, to grow and to stay healthy
Which parts of a seedling need light to grow?
The root, leaves and stem
What is the energy chain or food chain?
The order in which energy goes from the sun, to a plant or animal
Draw a flow diagram for how an electric light works.
Turn the light switch on -> Electricity goes along wires to the light bulb -> the light bulb changes electricity to light
How does sound travel through the air?
In waves
What is a nerve?
A group of long fibres that carries messages between your brain and parts of your body
