energy and ATP

Question 1

what is ATP?

Answer 1

a phosphorylated macromolecule that provides energy to drive many cellular processes.

Question 2

what does ATP stand for?

Answer 2

Adenosine TriPhosphate

Question 3

what are the components of the ATP nucleotide?

Answer 3

3 x phosphate
1 x ribose
1 x adenine

Question 4

where is the energy in ATP released from?

Answer 4

the bonds between the phosphate groups

Question 5

bonds between the phosphate groups are…

Answer 5

weak/unstable - have a low activation energy so easily broken - when they do break, they release a considerable amount of energy.

Question 6

what is the function of the ribose in an ATP nucleotide?

Answer 6

acts as a backbone for other parts to attach to.

Question 7

what is adenine?

Answer 7

a nitrogen containing organic base

Question 8

ATP + Water –> ?

Answer 8

ATP + Water –> ADP + Pi + E

Question 9

what does ADP, Pi + E stand for?

Answer 9

adenosine diphosphate + inorganic phosphate + energy

Question 10

what type of reaction is ATP + Water –> ADP + Pi + E?

Answer 10

hydrolysis reaction - water is used to convert ATP to ADP

Question 11

which phosphate is removed during the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP?

Answer 11

the terminal phosphate

Question 12

which enzyme is required to catalyse the hydrolysis of ATP?

Answer 12

ATP Hydrolase (ATPase)

Question 13

the hydrolysis of ATP to form ADP is a…

Answer 13

reversible reaction

Question 14

why is the hydrolysis of ATP to form ADP a reversible reaction?

Answer 14

energy can be used to add an inorganic phosphate to ADP to reform ATP.

Question 15

ADP + Pi + E –> ATP + Water is a…

Answer 15

condensation reaction

Question 16

why enzyme is required to reform ATP?

Answer 16

ATP synthase

Question 17

the hydrolysis of ATP…

Answer 17

provides energy for reactions that require it - energy released for use by cells.

Question 18

the reformation of ATP via condensation reaction?

Answer 18

reactions that release energy e.g. energy supplied from respiration.

Question 19

how is ATP resynthesised in cells?

Answer 19

1. from ADP and phosphate
2. using ATP synthase
3. during respiration

Question 20

give 2 ways the hydrolysis of ATP is used in cells?

Answer 20

1. to provide energy for other reactions

2. to add a phosphate onto molecules - making them more reactive