Energy

Question 1

Name the 8 energy stores.

Answer 1

chemical, elastic potential. thermal, kinetic, gravitational potential, electrostatic, nuclear, magnetic

Question 2

State the 4 ways in which energy can be transferred.

Answer 2

 By a force doing work
 Electrically
 By radiation (on waves)
 By heating

Question 3

What eventually happens to all energy?

Answer 3

It is transferred to the thermal store of the surroundings, causing them to get warmer

Question 4

What is efficiency?

Answer 4

The proportion of energy that is usefully transferred

Question 5

What equation links efficiency, total energy input and useful energy output?

Answer 5

efficiency = useful energy output/total energy input

Question 6

What is power?

Answer 6

The rate at which energy is usefully transferred.

Question 7

What is the equation for power?

Answer 7

Power = Energy/time

Question 8

What is meant by thermal conductivity?

Answer 8

• A measure of the rate at which a material conducts energy from a thermal store
• A material with a high thermal conductivity is a good conductor, a material with a low thermal conductivity is a good insulator

Question 9

How can unwanted energy transfers be reduced?

Answer 9

 Insulating homes
 Streamlining vehicles
 Lubricate moving parts

Question 10

State ways of insulating homes

Answer 10

 Cavity wall insulation
 Loft insulation
 Double glazing or curtains
 Carpets

Question 11

What are energy resources used for?

Answer 11

 Generating electricity
 Heating
 Transport

Question 12

What are the three fossil fuels?

Answer 12

 Coal, oil and gas

Question 13

What do the words renewable and non-renewable mean?

Answer 13

 Renewable – won’t run out

 Non-renewable – will run out

Question 14

State the non-renewable energy resources

Answer 14

 Fossil fuels

 Nuclear

Question 15

State the renewable energy resources

Answer 15

 Solar
 Geothermal
 Bio-fuels
 Wind
 Tidal
 Hydroelectric
 Wave

Question 16

Which energy resources release carbon dioxide?

Answer 16

 Fossil fuels

 Bio-fuels (but they also take it in when they grow so are carbon neutral

Question 17

Which energy resources are reliable?

Answer 17

 Fossil fuels
 Nuclear
 Hydroelectric
 Geothermal
 Tidal (can be thought as reliable as it is PREDICTABLE although it can only generate electricity twice a day

Question 18

State the advantages and disadvantages of fossil fuels

Answer 18

Advantages
 Reliable
Disadvantages
 Non-renewable
 Release carbon dioxide
 Coal and oil release sulphur dioxide

Question 19

State the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear

Answer 19

Advantages
 Reliable
 Small amount of fuel releases massive amounts of energy
 Doesn’t release carbon dioxide

Disadvantages
 Non-renewable
 Waste is radioactive for thousands of years
 Slow start-up time
 Expensive to decommission

Question 20

State the advantages and disadvantages of wind energy

Answer 20

Advantages
 Renewable
 No carbon dioxide emissions
 No fuel costs

Disadvantages
 Not reliable as dependent on weather conditions
 Some people don’t like the look or the noise they make

Question 21

State the advantages and disadvantages of solar energy

Answer 21

Advantages
 Renewable
 No carbon dioxide emissions
 No fuel costs

Disadvantages
 Not reliable as can’t make electricity at night
 Solar cells are expensive

Question 22

State the advantages and disadvantages of hydroelectric

Answer 22

Advantages
 Renewable
 Reliable
 No carbon dioxide emissions
 No fuel costs
 Short start-up time

Disadvantages
 Large scale schemes flood land which destroys habitats
 Large scale schemes build a dam which is expensive

Question 23

State the advantages and disadvantages of geothermal energy

Answer 23

Advantages
 Renewable
 Reliable
 No carbon dioxide emissions
 No fuel costs

Disadvantages
 Can only be placed in volcanic areas (eg Iceland)
 Building a geothermal power station is expensive

Question 24

State the advantages and disadvantages of tidal energy

Answer 24

Advantages
 Renewable
 No carbon dioxide emissions
 No fuel costs
 Predicable

Disadvantages
 Can only generate electricity twice a day when the tide comes in
 Building a tidal barrage is expensive
 The feeding grounds of wading birds are flooded

Question 25

State the advantages and disadvantages of wave energy

Answer 25

Advantages
 Renewable
 No carbon dioxide emissions
 No fuel costs

Disadvantages
 Not reliable as dependent on wind conditions
 Disturb habitats of marine animals
 Hazard to boats

Question 26

State the advantages and disadvantages of biofuels

Answer 26

Advantages
 Renewable
 Carbon neutral (plants take in the carbon dioxide when they grow)

Disadvantages
 Uses space and water that could
be used for growing food crops

Question 27

State the advantages and disadvantages of biofuels

Answer 27

Advantages
 Renewable
 Carbon neutral (plants take in the carbon dioxide when they grow)

Disadvantages
 Uses space and water that could
be used for growing food crops