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Physics > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the 8 energy stores.

A

chemical, elastic potential. thermal, kinetic, gravitational potential, electrostatic, nuclear, magnetic

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2
Q

State the 4 ways in which energy can be transferred.

A

 By a force doing work
 Electrically
 By radiation (on waves)
 By heating

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3
Q

What eventually happens to all energy?

A

It is transferred to the thermal store of the surroundings, causing them to get warmer

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4
Q

What is efficiency?

A

The proportion of energy that is usefully transferred

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5
Q

What equation links efficiency, total energy input and useful energy output?

A

efficiency = useful energy output/total energy input

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6
Q

What is power?

A

The rate at which energy is usefully transferred.

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7
Q

What is the equation for power?

A

Power = Energy/time

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8
Q

What is meant by thermal conductivity?

A
  • A measure of the rate at which a material conducts energy from a thermal store
  • A material with a high thermal conductivity is a good conductor, a material with a low thermal conductivity is a good insulator
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9
Q

How can unwanted energy transfers be reduced?

A

 Insulating homes
 Streamlining vehicles
 Lubricate moving parts

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10
Q

State ways of insulating homes

A

 Cavity wall insulation
 Loft insulation
 Double glazing or curtains
 Carpets

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11
Q

What are energy resources used for?

A

 Generating electricity
 Heating
 Transport

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12
Q

What are the three fossil fuels?

A

 Coal, oil and gas

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13
Q

What do the words renewable and non-renewable mean?

A

 Renewable – won’t run out

 Non-renewable – will run out

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14
Q

State the non-renewable energy resources

A

 Fossil fuels

 Nuclear

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15
Q

State the renewable energy resources

A 
 Solar
 Geothermal
 Bio-fuels
 Wind
 Tidal
 Hydroelectric
 Wave
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16
Q

Which energy resources release carbon dioxide?

A

 Fossil fuels

 Bio-fuels (but they also take it in when they grow so are carbon neutral

17
Q

Which energy resources are reliable?

A 
 Fossil fuels
 Nuclear
 Hydroelectric
 Geothermal
 Tidal (can be thought as reliable as it is PREDICTABLE although it can only generate electricity twice a day
18
Q

State the advantages and disadvantages of fossil fuels

A 
Advantages
 Reliable
Disadvantages
 Non-renewable
 Release carbon dioxide
 Coal and oil release sulphur dioxide
19
Q

State the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear

A

Advantages
 Reliable
 Small amount of fuel releases massive amounts of energy
 Doesn’t release carbon dioxide

Disadvantages
 Non-renewable
 Waste is radioactive for thousands of years
 Slow start-up time
 Expensive to decommission
20
Q

State the advantages and disadvantages of wind energy

A

Advantages
 Renewable
 No carbon dioxide emissions
 No fuel costs

Disadvantages
 Not reliable as dependent on weather conditions
 Some people don’t like the look or the noise they make

21
Q

State the advantages and disadvantages of solar energy

A

Advantages
 Renewable
 No carbon dioxide emissions
 No fuel costs

Disadvantages
 Not reliable as can’t make electricity at night
 Solar cells are expensive

22
Q

State the advantages and disadvantages of hydroelectric

A 
Advantages
 Renewable
 Reliable
 No carbon dioxide emissions
 No fuel costs
 Short start-up time

Disadvantages
 Large scale schemes flood land which destroys habitats
 Large scale schemes build a dam which is expensive

23
Q

State the advantages and disadvantages of geothermal energy

A 
Advantages
 Renewable
 Reliable
 No carbon dioxide emissions
 No fuel costs

Disadvantages
 Can only be placed in volcanic areas (eg Iceland)
 Building a geothermal power station is expensive

24
Q

State the advantages and disadvantages of tidal energy

A 
Advantages
 Renewable
 No carbon dioxide emissions
 No fuel costs
 Predicable

Disadvantages
 Can only generate electricity twice a day when the tide comes in
 Building a tidal barrage is expensive
 The feeding grounds of wading birds are flooded

25
Q

State the advantages and disadvantages of wave energy

A

Advantages
 Renewable
 No carbon dioxide emissions
 No fuel costs

Disadvantages
 Not reliable as dependent on wind conditions
 Disturb habitats of marine animals
 Hazard to boats

26
Q

State the advantages and disadvantages of biofuels

A

Advantages
 Renewable
 Carbon neutral (plants take in the carbon dioxide when they grow)

Disadvantages
 Uses space and water that could
be used for growing food crops

27
Q

State the advantages and disadvantages of biofuels

A

Advantages
 Renewable
 Carbon neutral (plants take in the carbon dioxide when they grow)

Disadvantages
 Uses space and water that could
be used for growing food crops

Physics (3 decks)

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