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Physics > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

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Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

Conservation of energy

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can only be transferred from one energy store to another energy store

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2
Q

Kinetic energy store

A

Moving objects

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3
Q

Chemical energy store

A

Inside chemical bonds

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4
Q

Thermal energy store

A

Hot objects

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5
Q

Gravitational potential energy store

A

Lifting something up

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6
Q

Magnetic energy store

A

Between two magnets

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7
Q

Electrostatic energy store

A

Between two charges

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8
Q

Elastic potential energy store

A

Stretched object

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9
Q

Nuclear energy store

A

Nuclear reactions

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10
Q

Mechanical energy pathway

A

When a force is involved

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11
Q

Electrical energy pathway

A

When electricity is involved

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12
Q

Heating energy pathway

A

When there is a change in temperature

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13
Q

Radiation energy pathway

A

By light or other EM waves

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14
Q

Work done is:

A

When a force moves an object through a distance (same as the transfer of energy)

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15
Q

Calculating work done equation:

A

W (work done[J])=F (force[N])*S (distance[m])

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16
Q

Examples of work done:

A 
Climbing a flight of stairs
Swimming
Running 100m
Turning the pages of a book
A falling parachutist
Playing a video game
Lifting a weight
Writing on a book
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17
Q

Examples of no work done:

A 
Watching TV
A spacecraft moving at a steady speed towards the moon
Reading a book
Driving at a steady speed on a motorway 
Talking
Sleeping, sitting
Holding a book
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18
Q

Gravitational potential energy (GPE):

A

The energy that a body has due to its height above ground

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19
Q

Gravitational potential energy:

A

GPE (energy[J])=M (mass[kg])*G (gravitational field strength

[m/s2 n/kg])*H (change in height[m])

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20
Q

Kinetic energy:

A

The energy a moving object has

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21
Q

Kinetic energy store:

A

KE (kinetic energy[J])=1/2M(mass[kg])*v2(velocity[m/s])

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22
Q

Mass=

A

Root/KE
—-
1/2V

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23
Q

Efficiency=

A

Bound/drop * 100 %

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24
Q

Power is

A

The rate at which work is done

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25
Q

Power(w):

A

Work done(J)/time(s)

26
Q

Specific heat capacity:

A

A property of a material that determines how much energy is required to the raise the temperature of 1kg of the material by 1degree

27
Q

On earth gravitational field strength is

A

9.81N/Kg or m/s2

28
Q

How do biofuels produce electricity

A

Burning trees animals waste or plants into methane gas manure, waste vegetable oil, straw, nutshells

29
Q

Give an example of biofuels or where it might be built

A

Trees, animal waste or plants

30
Q

Is biofuels renewable

A

Yes

31
Q

What are the advantages of biofuels

A

Renewable so long as trees that are cut down are replaced

Doesn’t add to green house gas or require special equipment

32
Q

Disadvantages of biofuels

A

Large areas of land are required to grow enough trees or allow enough animals to graze

33
Q

How does nuclear power produce electricity

A

Nucleus of the atoms of uranium or plutonium is unstable and can split into 2 separate atoms with a large release of energy due to large amounts of uranium atoms in the reactor it becomes very hot this thermal energy transferred rest of power station and used produce electrical energy

34
Q

Give an example of the fuel of nuclear power or where it might be built

A

The fuel is either uranium or plutonium in sealed cans in the core of the nuclear reactor this is done in nuclear power stations

35
Q

Is nuclear power renewable

A

No

36
Q

Advantage of nuclear power

A

No greenhouse gases given off as no fuel is burned in a nuclear power station
Much more energy is transferred from each kg of fuel compared to fossil fuels

37
Q

Disadvantages of nuclear power

A

Used fuel rods contain radioactive waste which needs to be safely disposed
Possibility of accidental release of radioactive materials

38
Q

Fossil fuels how does it produce electricity

A

They are formed from remains of dead plants and animals and are found beneath the earths surface. They burn fossil fuel to transfer them from chemical to heat energy

39
Q

Example of fossil fuels or where it might be built

A

Coal,oil and natural gases

40
Q

Is fossil fuels renewable

A

No

41
Q

Advantages of fossil fuels

A

No green house gases are given off

Much more energy is transferred from each kg of fuel

42
Q

Disadvantages of fossil fuels

A

non renewable -emit greenhouse gases e.g. carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide causing acid rain -finite supply- will run out

43
Q

Geothermal how does it produce electricity

A

Cold water is pumped below the ground to the hot rocks beneath the surface
The hot rocks heat the water turning it to steam then the steam is used to create electricity

44
Q

Geothermal example fuel or where it might be built

A

In a volcanic area or where the hot rocks are in the earth

45
Q

Is geothermal renewable

A

Yes

46
Q

Advantages of geothermal

A

Renewable form of energy
No pollution as nothing gets burned
Doesn’t damage/harm the environment

47
Q

Disadvantages of geothermal

A

Very few places in the world where this can be done

It is expensive to drill deep underground and lay the pipe

48
Q

How does solar produce electricity

A

Generates electricity by using solar cells or to heat water directly in solar heating panels or a solar power tank

49
Q

Give example of solar fuel or where it might be built

A

Solar cells or solar heating panels

50
Q

Is solar renewable

A

Yes

51
Q

Advantages of solar

A

Solar cells:cheap to run, useful where small amounts of electricity are needed e.g. calculators or in remote areas, plenty of sunshine to generate enough power to be useful
Solar heating:heats water that passes through pipes and on a hot day can supply enough hot water for a home to use

52
Q

Disadvantages of solar

A

Solar cell:transfers less than 10%sun’s energy that they absorb into electricity, expensive to buy, lots of cells needed
Solar heating panels:can be unreliable in areas often covered in clouds, need to be cleaned regularly to work properly

53
Q

Tidal how does it produce electricity

A

Tidal power stations trap water from each high tide behind a barrage the water can then be released into the sea through turbines during low tide, the turbines drive generators which transfer gravitational potential energy from the stored water into electrical energy

54
Q

Tidal example fuel or where it might be built

A

Hydroelectric power stations from high tide water

55
Q

Is tidal renewable

A

Yes

56
Q

Advantages of tidal

A

Renewable form of energy
No pollution as nothing gets burned
Reliable, there are always 2 tides every day
Once it is built it is cheap to run

57
Q

Disadvantages

A

Dam/barrage costs a lot to build and can cause local flooding
Can affect nearby habitats of creatures and plants

58
Q

Wind how does it produce electricity

A

Wind turbine is an electricity generator at the top of a tower that transfers kinetic energy of the wind into electrical energy. As the force of the wind causes the blades of the turbine to turn around, which turns a generator

59
Q

Wind give an example of it or where it might be built

A

Large open spaces such as in the ocean or side of hills with an electricity generator

60
Q

Is wind renewable

A

Yes

61
Q

Advantages of wind

A

Renewable form of energy
No pollution as nothing gets burned
Turbines are cheap and easy to build

62
Q

Disadvantages of wind

A

Create wincing noise when working
Some ppl consider them unsightly
Only works if it is windy!!!

Physics (6 decks)

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