Energy

Question 1

Define Energy

Answer 1

The ability or capacity to perform work, and is measured in joules

Question 2

Define Work, and state the formula used to find its value

Answer 2

A transfer of energy as a consequence of a force acting through a distance

Work = Force x Distance

Question 3

Define Power, and state the formula used to find its value

Answer 3

The rate of transfer if energy between one system and another

Power = Energy or Work / Time

Question 4

Describe how the ATP/PC system works

Answer 4

ATP&raquo_space;> ADP + P(i) + energy
When [ADP] is high, creatine kinase is activiated
CP&raquo_space;> C + P + energy (exothermic)
This energy is then used to resynthesise ATP (coupled reaction)
ADP + P(i) + energy&raquo_space;> ATP (endothermic)

Question 5

Explain how glycolysis in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration occurs

Answer 5

Glycogen&raquo_space;(GPP - activated by low [CP])» Glucose-6-phosphate
Glucose-6-phosphate&raquo_space;(PFK)» Pyruvic acid + 2ATP

Anaerboic = Pyruvic acid&raquo_space; Lactic acid

Aerobic = Pyruvic acid goes to the kreb cycle

Question 6

What are the three stages of aerobic respiration? And where do these occur?

Answer 6

Glycolysis (Sarcoplasm)
Kreb’s Cycle (Matix)
Electron transport chain (Cristae)

Question 7

Explain the process of the kreb cycle

Answer 7

Acetyl coA + Oxaloacetric acid&raquo_space; Citric acid
This produces CO2 + Hydrogen atoms + 2ATP
Oxaloacetric acid is reformed

Question 8

What occurs in the electron transport chain?

Answer 8

NAD + FAD carry hydrogen as NADH + FADH
The hydrogen is then oxidised to form water
The electrons bounce down the chain and form 34ATP

Question 9

How many ATP are produced if fats are respired?

Answer 9

200

Question 10

What is OBLA?

Answer 10

The onset of rapid blood lactate accumulation

Question 11

What are the thresholds for the 3 different enegy systems?

Answer 11

ATP/PC - up to 12s
Lactic acid - 2-3mins
Aerobic - 3+mins

Question 12

What are the six factors that affect the predominant energy system?

Answer 12

Exercise intensity / duration
Energy system thershold
Oxygen supply / transport
Food fuel that is avalible
Enzyme activation levels
Fitness level

Question 13

Explain the Fast Alactacid component of recovery?

Answer 13

ATP+PC and myoglobin stores are replenished
1-4l of O2 needed
30s for half / 2-3mins for full

Question 14

Explain the Slow Lactacid compnent of recovery?

Answer 14

Lactic acid&raquo_space; pyruvic acid (kreb cycle)
Lactic acid&raquo_space; glycogen + glucose
5-8l of O2 needed
15mins for half / 1hour for full