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energy Flashcards

1
Q

energy efficiency formula

A

useful energy output (J) Divided by Total Energy input (j) Times 100

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2
Q

Kinetic energy formula (ek)

A

EK=1/2mv2

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3
Q

Gravitational potential energy formula (Ep)

A

Ep=Mgh

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4
Q

What is the gravitational energy number on earth

A

9.8

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5
Q

Nuclear Energy

A

The energy stored in the nucleus of an atom

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6
Q

Elastic potential energy

A

energy stored within a stretched or compressed object

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7
Q

sound energy

A

Energy that travels as vibrating waves that can be heard

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8
Q

light energy

A

A form of energy that is visible

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9
Q

kinetic energy

A

Energy possessed by a moving object

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10
Q

gravitational potential energy

A

the stored energy an object has due to it’s position above the earth

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11
Q

electrical energy

A

the energy possessed by moving charged particles

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12
Q

chemical energy

A

energy stored within the chemical bonds of a substance such as fuel or food

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13
Q

thermal energy

A

a measure of the total kinetic energy possessed by particles in a substance

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14
Q

law of conservation of energy

A

the law of energy can not be created or destroyed, transferred/transformed from type to another

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15
Q

energy efficiency

A

proportion of useful energy output compared to the energy input as a percentage

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16
Q

energy transfer

A

Energy transfer is when energy is passed from one object to another

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17
Q

What can energy do

A

change temp, change shape, change state

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18
Q

what is thermal energy measured in

A

joules (J)

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19
Q

energy transformation

A

energy transformation is when energy changes from one form to another

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20
Q

temperature

A

The average kinetic energy of the particles of a body or an object

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21
Q

heat

A

a measure of total kinetic energy possessed by particles in a substance

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22
Q

example of temp vs heat

A

a pool of water at 30.c has more kinetic energy at 90’c

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23
Q

particle theory

A

all matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. the movement is due to. heat energy . The more heat the faster the particles move

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24
Q

solids

A

solids are held in afixed position and vibrate

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25
liquids
are close and moving around
26
gases
are spaced apart and moving at very high speed with collisions. they collide with each other and the walls of the container
27
contaction and expansion
the physical process where materials, like rocks, change in size due to temperature fluctuations, essentially expanding when heated and contracting when cooled;
28
Define gravitational potential energy
The energy an object possesses due to its position in a gravitational field ## Footnote It is dependent on the object's height and mass.
29
Define elastic potential energy
The energy stored in an object when it is stretched or compressed ## Footnote Examples include springs and rubber bands.
30
Define energy transformation
The process of changing energy from one form to another ## Footnote For example, converting chemical energy in food to kinetic energy during movement.
31
What term best describes the energy of movement?
Kinetic energy
32
What term best describes energy produced by power stations, solar cells, batteries and lightning?
Electrical energy
33
State the law of conservation of energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
34
Explain what the law of conservation of energy means using an example.
For example, when burning fuel, chemical energy is transformed into heat and light energy.
35
What type of energy do petrol, kerosene, and oil possess?
Chemical potential energy
36
Identify the key type of energy possessed by a seatbelt buckle that has been in the sun all day.
Thermal energy
37
Identify the key type of energy possessed by a shopping trolley rolling across the floor.
Kinetic energy
38
Identify the key type of energy possessed by a marshmallow.
Chemical potential energy
39
Identify the key type of energy possessed by a golf ball hit along the ground.
Kinetic energy
40
Identify the key type of energy possessed by a lawnmower filled up with petrol.
Chemical potential energy
41
Identify the key type of energy possessed by a bird resting in its nest on a tree branch.
Gravitational potential energy
42
Identify the major method of heat transfer when Taylah boils a kettle of water to make a cup of tea.
Convection
43
Identify the major method of heat transfer when Mein sits on a deckchair by a pool and feels the Sun’s heat.
Radiation
44
Identify the major method of heat transfer when Emmaline opens the metal gate at the front of her house and feels that the gate is hot.
Conduction
45
Calculate how many joules of energy are in 3 MJ.
3,000,000 J
46
Calculate how many joules of energy are in 7500 kJ.
7,500,000 J
47
Calculate how many megajoules are in 2,500,000 J.
2.5 MJ
48
Calculate how many megajoules are in 5000 kJ.
5 MJ
49
Identify the types of energy that caused changes in the ‘Making spiders’ science4fun.
* Chemical energy * Potential energy * Kinetic energy
50
Use a diagram to show the energy transformations that occurred in the science4fun ‘Creepy crawly’.
Diagrams should illustrate energy transformations ## Footnote This typically includes transformations from potential to kinetic energy.
51
List four different ways that the chemical energy in food can be used by your body.
* Growth and new molecules * Energy storage in cells * Heat energy * Movement (kinetic energy)
52
What is another name for stored energy?
Potential energy
53
List four types of stored energy.
* Chemical energy * Gravitational potential energy * Elastic potential energy * Nuclear energy
54
Name the process in which green plants use light from the Sun to produce chemical energy.
Photosynthesis
55
Name a device that can directly convert the Sun’s light into another form of energy.
Solar panel
56
Visible light lies between which two forms of electromagnetic radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum?
* Infrared radiation * Ultraviolet radiation
57
Describe three examples of an object with kinetic energy.
* A moving car * A flying baseball * A flowing river
58
Describe two examples in which heat is transferred by conduction.
* A metal spoon in a hot pot * A heating pad on a sore muscle
59
Predict whether sound travels faster on a warm day or a cool day.
Warm day
60
Explain your response.
Sound travels faster in warmer air due to increased molecular motion.
61
Give an example in which sound energy is transformed into another form of energy.
A speaker converting electrical energy into sound energy
62
Explain why light refracts as it enters and leaves different substances.
Light changes speed when it passes from one medium to another, causing it to bend.
63
Identify an example to match each form of energy in the following table.
* Sound: Makes windows vibrate * Kinetic: A moving car * Light: Sunlight warming a surface * Heat: A hot stove * Electrical: Powering a light bulb
64
A particular electric hot water system is 60% efficient. If the system needs 60,000 J of heat energy, calculate how many joules of electrical energy must be supplied.
100,000 J
65
Identify three similarities and three differences between light energy and sound energy.
* Similarities: Both can travel through mediums, both can be reflected, both can be absorbed * Differences: Light energy travels faster than sound, light is electromagnetic while sound is mechanical, light can travel through a vacuum while sound cannot
66
Discuss what could happen if there were not strict rules about testing appliances under Australian standards.
Inconsistent energy ratings, potential safety hazards, consumer deception
67
A Washwell washing machine has 5 stars and a SudZ washing machine has 7½ stars. Assess which washing machine is more energy efficient.
SudZ washing machine
68
Which machine will require fewer joules of electrical energy to complete a load of washing?
SudZ washing machine
69
Evaluate whether this would make a difference over the lifetime of the washing machine.
Yes, it would lead to lower energy costs over time.
70
Which type of lens is shown in Figure 5.5.1?
Convex lens
71
Justify your answer regarding the lens type.
A convex lens converges light rays to a focal point.
72
Light slows down when it enters glass from air. Propose a reason why this happens.
Light interacts with the denser medium, causing it to slow down.
73
Assess whether you can or cannot answer the questions on page 192 at the start of this chapter.
Can answer
74
Use this assessment to evaluate how well you understand the material presented in this chapter.
I have a good understanding of the concepts.
75
Use the following ten key terms to construct a visual summary of the information presented in this chapter.
* Kinetic energy * Chemical energy * Sound energy * Energy efficiency * Electrical energy * Light energy * Elastic potential energy * Heat energy * Potential energy * Gravitational potential energy

science energy (3 decks)

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