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KIN ENERGY > energy > Flashcards

energy Flashcards

1
Q

what are functions of ATP

A

Muscle contractions.

Growth and repair of body tissues.

Active transport of glucose, and calcium ions).
• Nerve transmission.
• Circulation.
• Digestion.
• Secretion by glands

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2
Q

what are characteristics of stored ATP

A

Supports maximum effort for 2–6 seconds.

ATP is recycled continuously.

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3
Q

what are characteristics of anaerobic Alactic system (ATP PC)

A

-Duration: 0–15 seconds

No oxygen required, no lactic acid produced.

Relies on fast-twitch IIb fibers.

Examples: 100m sprint, weightlifting.

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4
Q

what are characteristics of Anaerobic lactic system

A

Duration: 15 seconds–2 minutes.
No oxygen required.
Produces lactic acid, causing muscle fatigue.

Examples: 400m–800m sprints, basketball.

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5
Q

what are characteristics of AEROBIC SYSTEM(cellular respiration)

A

Duration: 2 minutes–hours.

-Oxygen required; produces CO₂ and H₂O as by-products.

Relies on slow-twitch fibers.

Examples: marathon running.

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6
Q

Describes how energy systems overlap based on activity intensity/duration.

A

100m Sprint:
• Starts with the ATP-PC system for the first few seconds, then shifts to the anaerobic lactic system as the race continues.
2. Soccer:
• Uses the anaerobic lactic system during intense sprints and bursts, but relies on the aerobic system during lower-intensity jogging and recovery.
3. Marathon:
• Primarily uses the aerobic system for long-distance running, but may briefly tap into anaerobic systems during faster paces or sprints

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7
Q

what is Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR):

A

Energy used at rest

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8
Q

what is metabolism

A

Metabolism: Total chemical reactions in the body.

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9
Q

what is anabolism

A

Anabolism: Building compounds.

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10
Q

What is catabolism?

A

Breaking down compound

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11
Q

what is Phosphorylation:

A

process of adding a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP,

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12
Q

what is Cellular Respiration:

A

converts carbs and fats into ATP

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13
Q

what is enzyme activity

A

Enzyme Activity: ATPase splits ATP to release energy.

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14
Q

what is oxygen consumption

A

Oxygen consumption is how much oxygen your body uses to create energy,

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15
Q

how are carbohydrates stored and where

A

Carbohydrates:
Stored as glycogen in muscles and liver.
and broken into glucose to produce ATP

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16
Q

How are fat stored?

A

Fats:
• Stored as triglycerides in fat cells.
• Broken into fatty acids and glycerol for ATP.

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17
Q

How are proteins used?

A

Proteins:
Used during prolonged, high-intensity exercise.

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18
Q

What is oxygen deficit?

A

Oxygen Deficit: The delay in oxygen uptake at the beginning of exercise, where the body relies on anaerobic energy systems.

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19
Q

What is oxygen deficit?

A

Oxygen Deficit: The delay in oxygen uptake at the beginning of exercise, where the body initially relies on anaerobic energy systems.

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20
Q

what is steady state?

A

Stable oxygen consumption during exercise

21
Q

what are the functions of EPOC?

A

the recovery period after exercise where there is elevated
oxygen consumption.

EPOC: Elevated oxygen post-exercise to:
• Restores oxygen/ATP stores.
Convert lactate to pyruvate glucose.
• Normalize temperature and hormones.

22
Q

what is Lactic Threshold and Crossover Point

A

Lactate Threshold: Blood lactate rises during intense exercise.
Crossover Point: Exercise intensity where fats and carbs contribute equally to energy.

23
Q

what is the cori cycle and lactate?

A

process where lactate is produced in muscles during anaerobic exercise then transported to liver, converted into glucose, and then released into bloodstream for energy

24
Q

what is the cori cycle important

A

The Cori cycle is important because it helps manage the build-up of lactic acid in muscles during intense exercise

25
Q
  1. During intense exercise, muscles produce lactate from…….
A
  1. During intense exercise, muscles produce lactate from pyruvic acid
26
Q

Describe an incremental exercise test and its purpose

A
27
Q

what is VO2 max and factors that influence it?

A

Greatest rate of oxygen uptake by the
body measured during severe exercise

Factors that influence VO2 max:
1. Ability of cardiorespiratory system to deliver oxygen to the contracting muscles.

  1. Muscle’s ability to take up the oxygen andproduce ATP aerobically
28
Q

what is muscle fatigue t?

A

less force produced during short-term
high intensity or long low intensity
exercise

29
Q
  1. Is lactate responsible for muscle soreness and failure?
A

NO

30
Q

At what percentage of VO2 do untrained athletes reach lactate threshold?

A

50 – 65% VO2 max

31
Q

What two factors contribute to muscle fatigue during
high intensity activities?

A

Hydrogen ion buildup
Inorganic phosphate buildup

32
Q
  1. Name two factors that could be responsible for elevated
    blood lactate levels.
A

low muscle oxygen
Accelerated glycolysis

33
Q

what is the process that takes place in the liver involving the generation of glucose from lactate.

A

Gluconeogenesis

34
Q

WHAT IS ATP

A

the immediate source of
energy for body functions,
especially muscle
contractions

35
Q

WHAT Is phosphocreatine

A

a high energy compound
used to resynthesize ATP

36
Q

what is oxidative Phosphorylation -

A

Synthesis of ATP from ADP by addition of
a phosphate group with the aid of oxyge

37
Q

briefly describe catabolism stages

A

Large food compounds are broken down into smaller units. smaller units are delivered to working cells by the bloodstream

The smaller compounds are broken down further inside the cells. Large amounts of energy are released to power the cell. This energy is called ATP.

38
Q

Stored ATP will sustain maximal muscle
contraction for ________________ (how long

A

2-6 seconds

39
Q
  1. The amt. of ATP stored in the body at any one
    time is __
A

80-100grams

40
Q

three factors that influence BMR

A

Age –
Amt. of Body Fat –
Gender –
Diet –
Body temperature –
Stress –
Hormones –
Activity level –

41
Q

What are the two energy systems for resynthesis ATP?

A

ANAEROBIC- without the use of oxygen (O2)
none of its metabolic activity will involve oxygen

AEROBIC- in the presence of oxygen (O2)
all of its metabolic activity will involve oxyge

42
Q

Carbohydrate Sources:

Fat Sources:

Protein Sources:

A

CARBO
• glycogen (muscle, liver)
• blood glucose

FAT
• Fatty acids (Blood Plasma)
• Muscle triglycerides

PROTIEN
• skeletal muscle (small amount)
*Lactate:
• skeletal, cardiac muscl

43
Q

what are Factors contributing to muscle fatigue:
During high intensity exercise

A
  1. Accumulation of hydrogen ions impairs Ca2+ binding with
    troponin. (This means fewer strong binding sites are exposed.)
  2. Increased amount of inorganic phosphate (Pi) impairs
    crossbridge cycling.
44
Q

Epinephrine and metabolism:

A

Epinephrine and metabolism: Epinephrine increases during exercise, breaking down glycogen and fat to provide energy.

45
Q

lactic acid as corporate and benefactor

A

As a culprit, it causes fatigue . As a benefactor, it turns into lactate, which can be used as fuel my converting to glucose

46
Q

Explain steady state between fit and unfit people

A

Fit individuals can reach steady state quicker and have faster recovery, meaning they have less oxygen deficit and lower EPOC.
Unfit people, take longer to reach steady state, have higher oxygen deficit, and experience a longer EPOC

47
Q

Carbohydrate pathway

A

Carbs: Broken down into glucose, used for quick energy. If oxygen is available, turns into ATP via the Krebs cycle.

48
Q

Fat pathway

A

Fats: Broken into fatty acids, used for steady, long-lasting energy through beta-oxidation in the mitochondria.

49
Q

proteins pathway

A

Proteins: Broken into amino acids, used for energy only when carbs and fats are low (via gluconeogenesis or acetyl-CoA).

Back up energy

KIN ENERGY (2 decks)

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