energy Flashcards
what is energy?
ability to do work or having the capacity for change
2 forms of energy?
potential and kinetic
potential vs kinetic energy?
potential = stored energy
kinetic = energy in movement
what is metabolism? can be divided into ___ and ___
sum of all total biochemical reactions in an organism
catabolism and anabolism
catabolism define? how does it differ from anabolism? what happens to energy in each reaction?
catabolism - involves breaking down polymers into simpler molecules. energy is RELEASED
anabolism - “building up” complex molecules from simpler molecules. energy INPUT IS REQUIRED
first law of thermodynamics?
energy is neither created nor destroyed, it can only be converted from one form to another.
total energy before and after an energy conversion remains the same
second law of thermodynamics?
no conversion/transfer of energy is 100 percent efficient.
when converting from one form of energy to another, some of that energy becomes unavailable to do work
disorder tends to ___ because of energy transformations. to maintain order, organisms need ___ supply of energy!
what law of thermodynamics does this apply to?
tends to increase
constant supply
2nd law
what is entropy? what symbol is used for entropy?
a measure of the disorder in a system or LOSS OF ENERGY DUE TO TRANSFER
entropy = S
what is disorder in a system?
(overly simplistic but..) how “randomly”/”going crazy” the molecules are moving
to impose order on a system, we need ___!
energy!!
total energy in a system = ___ + ___
in fancier terms, how can you describe this?variables used/their meaning?
usable + unusable energy
H = G + TS
H= total energy aka ENTHALPY
G = total usable/capturable energy aka FREE energy
S= entropy/energy lost
T = absolute temperature
ideally, catabolic reactions should ___ anabolic reactions
balance
G is?
free energy (usable energy)
S is?
entropy (energy lost due to energy transfer and/or measure of disorder in a system)
