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Energy Grade 5 Term 3 > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

1
Q

Where do we find energy?

A

Energy is all around us. It takes on many different forms, is used in many different sources and can be transferred (changed) from one form to another.

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2
Q

Why are fuels important?

A

Fuels are necessary to give us energy. We need energy in our bodies for the activities we do.

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3
Q

What is the ultimate source of energy?

A

The sun

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4
Q

What is input energy?

A

Sources of Stored energy needed to make fuels burn

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5
Q

What is output energy?

A

Energy that is created (eg heat or light)

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6
Q

List four stored energy in fuels:

A

Coal
Wood
Petrol
Paraffin

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7
Q

Explain the stored energy in coal

A

It is a fossil fuel, mined from the earth. Provides heat when burned and is used to cook food and warm houses. Also burned in large quantities to make electricity.

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8
Q

Explain the stored energy in wood:

A

Trees are cut down to make firewood that is burned to heat homes. Cheap source of fuel. Unfortunately contributes to pollution and global warming.

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9
Q

Explain the stored energy In Petrol

A

It is used to run trucks and cars. It comes from refining crude oil (a fossil fuel) which originally comes from deep underground.

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10
Q

Explain the stored energy In Paraffin

A

It is burned in paraffin lamps and stoves and provides heat and light. It comes from processing crude oil (fossil fuel)

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11
Q

Explain the stored energy in gas

A

Gas is burned to provide light and warmth and heat to cook food. Gas is pressurized as a liquid and stored in cylinders or tanks. It comes from crude oil (fossil fuel)

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12
Q

Explain the stored energy in candle wax.

A

Most candles are made of paraffin wax, but they can be made from bees wax, gel or plants (soy beans or palms). The wax burns to create a flame which gives heat and light energy. Candle was invented by ancient Egyptians who used animal fat.

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13
Q

What are fossil fuels?

A

Fossil fuels include petroleum (oil), coal and natural gas. They are called fossil fuels because they are the remains of organisms from long ago. These organisms (plants/ animals and other living things) were buried deep in the earth for millions of years. Over a long time heat and pressure converted the remains of the organisms into fossil fuels.

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14
Q

What is the fossil fuel coal made of?

A

Plant material and pressure and heat.

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15
Q

What is the fossil fuel OIL made from?

A

Animal material and pressure and heat.

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16
Q

What is the fossil fuel natural gas made of?

A

Animal material and heat and pressure.

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17
Q

List eight forms of energy:

A

Light
Kinetic
Thermal
Sound
Nuclear
Chemical
Electrical
Potential

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18
Q

Describe light energy

A

Makes things visible

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19
Q

Describe kinetic energy

A

Ability to make things move

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20
Q

Describe thermal energy

A

Energy that comes from heat

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21
Q

Describe sound energy

A

It is formed by vibrating sound waves

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22
Q

What is nuclear energy?

A

Energy releases during a nuclear reaction when an atom is split or fused

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23
Q

What is chemical energy?

A

Stored energy that is released during a Chemical reaction.

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24
Q

What is electrical energy?

A

Energy consumed in the form of electricity. Comes from electrons.

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25
Q

What is potential energy?

A

Stored energy.

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26
Q

What is input energy?

A

Energy we need to put in to start a fuel burning.

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27
Q

What is output energy?

A

Energy, such as heat and light energy is produced when a fuel burns.

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28
Q

What is the fire triangle

A

Oxygen, heat and fuel

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29
Q

How do I prove fire needs oxygen to burn?

A

Put a container over a candle

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30
Q

List three fire safety rules

A

Never play with fire/ matches
Store lighters/ matches safely away from children
Never leave a fire or candle or gas heater unattended.

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31
Q

Tell me about the MAINS electricity

A

Electricity comes from huge power stations and is transferred in a circuit to our homes and back to the power station. From the power station large amounts of electricity travel to substations through transmission lines that are held by pylons.
From a substation, smaller amounts of electricity are transferred , through distribution lines, to electricity boxes. Wires from electricity boxes are connected to plug points in our homes.

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32
Q

Where do power stations in SA get their energy?

A

Most comes from burning fossil fuel (coal). Other sources: water (hydro electric power) steam (geo thermal),wind (from wind turbines) and nuclear power.

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33
Q

What must you do in a fire?

A

Stay calm.
Stay low
Crawl away from the fire
Go to the nearest safety exit
Call the fire department

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34
Q

Where can you store energy?

A

In cells and batteries

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35
Q

What is a dry cell?

A

A battery that is used for a portable electrical device.

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36
Q

How does a cell work?

A

Chemicals inside are converted into electrical energy or electricity.

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37
Q

What is a battery?

A

A collection of cells connected end to end.

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38
Q

What does a battery consist of?

A

An outer case and a carbon rod in the centre of the cell. The carbon rod is a good conductor of electricity. Copper wire is another good conductor.

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39
Q

How many cells does a car battery need?

A

Six large cells

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40
Q

Energy that is flowing (electrical current) is measured in amperes (amps). What is electrical energy that is stored in the battery measure in?

A

Volts

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41
Q

Define an electrical circuit

A

A circuit is a complete path around which electricity can flow. Batteries can be the source of a circuit.

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42
Q

How does a switch work?

A

When the switch is closed electricity can flow around the circuit and the bulb will light.If the switch is open electricity can’t flow.

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43
Q

What is the potential energy stored in a battery measured in?

A

Volts or v

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44
Q

What is flowing energy measured in?

A

Amperes (amps)

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45
Q

How does electricity get to you?

A
  1. coal fire station (where electricity is generated)
  2. Step up transformer (increases the power to send the electrical current over a distance to your home)
  3. Cables (thick wires take electricity over distances)
  4. Pylons (tall metal structures support the wires)
  5. Step down transformer (brings down power so it can be used in your home)
  6. Wooden poles (structures that hold up wires coming to your home)
  7. Meter box tells you how much electricity you are using.
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46
Q

What is electrical circuit?

A

A system that provides a path for the transfer of energy

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47
Q

What is a battery?

A

Something that is made of one or more electrochemical cell. It changes the energy in chemicals into electricity.

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48
Q

What is a plug?

A

The part of an electrical appliance that goes into a wall socket.

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49
Q

What type of energy is electricity?

A

Electrical energy

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50
Q

What is a electrochemical cell?

A

Changes the energy in chemicals into electricity

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51
Q

What is a battery?

A

A source of stored energy that is made of one or more cells.

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52
Q

What is a switch.

A

It controls the electricity in an electric circuit.

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53
Q

What is an electrical circuit?

A

A system that provides a path for the transfer of electricity.

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54
Q

How does a torch work?

A

Torch is controlled by a switch. when the torch is switched on the chemical energy in the cells are changed into electricity the electricity goes to the lightbulb the bulb changes the electricity into light energy.

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55
Q

Tell me about a battery

A

The two ends are different. One is called the Positive and the other is called negative.

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56
Q

How do I dispose of old battery’s safely?

A

Harmful chemicals can leak out of old batteries they can pollute the soil and earth and affect peoples health never put batteries in a fire they can explode some shops have Waste centres that collect old batteries

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57
Q

What is a circuit

A

A circuit is a system that transfers electrical energy to where it is needed

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58
Q

Give two dangers with electricity

A

Shock, fire

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59
Q

What are sources of stored energy called

A

Input energy

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60
Q

What is energy that is created called

A

Out put energy

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61
Q

What do we use coal for

A

Heat , light and electricity

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62
Q

What do we use wood for

A

Heat and warmth

63
Q

What is a negative about burning wood

A

Pollution and global warming

64
Q

What are fossil fuels

A

Remains of organisms that lived long ago

65
Q

Where does petrol come from

A

Crude oil which is a fossil fuel which originally comes from deep underground

66
Q

What is petrol used for

A

To run trucks and cars

67
Q

What is Paraffin used for

A

For heat and light

68
Q

Where does Paraffin come from

A

Paraffin comes from processing crude oil

69
Q

What is gas used for

A

Light and warmth and heat to cook food

70
Q

Complete the sentence;
gas is pressurised as a

A

LIQUID

71
Q

Where is gas stored after being pressurized a liquid

A

In Cylinders or in tanks

72
Q

Where does gas come from

A

Processing of crude oil

73
Q

What are most candles made of

A

Paraffin wax

74
Q

Candles can also be made from

A

Beeswax , gel or plants such as soybeans or palms

75
Q

What is burned to create

A

Flames which gives us light and heat energy

76
Q

Who Invented the first candle

A

The ancient Egyptians who used fat to make them

77
Q

What do fossil fuels include

A

Petroleum which is oil , coal and natural gas

78
Q

Why are fossil fuels called Fossil fuels

A

Because like fossils there remains of organisms that lived long ago

79
Q

Define fossil fuels

A

Remains of organisms that live long ago very deep in the Earth for millions of years

80
Q

Give two examples of fossil fuels

A

Coal
Natural gas
Oil

81
Q

Name three things that are fire needs to burn

A

Fuel
Oxygen
Input energy

82
Q

Define input energy

A

The energy we need to put in , to start a fuel burning

83
Q

Define output energy

A

The energy such as heat and light energy is produced when a fuel burns

84
Q

What is dangerous about the following situation ;
Peter builds a small fire on the carpet in the lounge of his house to keep warm

A

The carpet could catch a light and burn the house down. you should make the fire in the fireplace

85
Q

Where do we get Our electricity from

A

Burning coal, hydroelectric power , geothermal wind energy , And Nuclear energy

86
Q

What are the two sides of the battery called

A

The positive and the negative end of the battery

87
Q

What are conductors

A

Materials that allow electricity to pass through them easily

88
Q

What is a circuit

A

The complete path around which electricity Can flow

89
Q

What does a battery consist of

A

And outer case and a carbon rod in the centre the cell

90
Q

What is electricity that is flowing measured in

A

Amps

91
Q

What is stored energy measured in

A

Volts or V

92
Q

What is a good conductor

A

Copper wire

93
Q

What is the battery that is used for portable electric device called

A

Dry cell

94
Q

Name 12 rules for safety with electricity

A
  1. Do not use broken plugs or damaged cords
  2. If there is an electrical storm do not stand under a tree for safety in addition be sure to turn off and disconnect all electrical appliances
  3. Do not touch any powerlines or electric fences some powerlines a buried underground if you find a wire underground do not touch it did not fly a kite Or climb a tree near a power line
  4. Do not cut grass with an electric lawnmower when it is raining
  5. Keep Appliances away from water do not use a hairdryer if there is water nearby
  6. Never temper with an electrical appliance when it is still plugged in at the wall
  7. Do not plug too many cords into one outlet
  8. Never put other objects beside the plug into wall or plug sockets
  9. Dry hands before plugging in or unplugging a cord never use wet hands around electric appliances
  10. Do not pull a cold to unplug an appliance
  11. Wear closed shoes with rubber soles before using electric appliances and never use electrical appliances Bare foot.
  12. If someone has been shocked do not try to pull them away from the power source because you will also be shocked switch off the power source and then attend to them
95
Q

Define insulator

A

Poor conductor of heat and electricity
e.g. rubber

96
Q

What does rotate mean

A

To spin around an imaginary line

97
Q

Does the Earth rotate around

A

Axis

98
Q

Is its earths axis tilted

A

Yes

99
Q

Does Earths axis’s angle ever change

A

No, never

100
Q

At what degree is earths axis tilted at

A

23.5°

101
Q

Does Earth rotate from east to west or from west to east

A

West to east

102
Q

How long does it take for earth to rotate

A

24H

103
Q

What does rotation give us?

A

Day and Night

104
Q

What is an orbit?

A

The pathway of the planets around the sun

105
Q

Explain revolution

A

The earth revolves around the sun. The sun is the centre point and the earth moves around it.

106
Q

Tell me the order of the planets from the sun.

A

MVEMJSUN
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

107
Q

What is orbit?

A

The pathway and object follows when it moves around another object in space

108
Q

What is Axis?

A

The imaginary line from north to south through the centre of the Earth

109
Q

What is revolution

A

The movement of an object in space around another object

110
Q

What is rotation

A

The spinning movement of an object around its self

111
Q

How long is one day on Earth

A

24 hours

112
Q

How long is one year on Earth

A

365 1/4 days

113
Q

Why is the Earth known as a rocky planet

A

Because it is made from rock

114
Q

What are the three main layers of the Earth

A

The crust and the mantle and the core

115
Q

Which layer is the thinnest

A

Pthe crust it is between 35 and 50 km thick it is mainly solid rock

116
Q

Describe the layers that form the crust

A

Topsoil subsoil weathered rock fragments and solid rock

117
Q

Tell me about topsoil

A

Made of nutrient rich soil with decomposing matter or humus dead plants and animals that are being broken down

118
Q

Tell me about subsoil

A

It is made of small rocks and soil waste some nutrients from the topsoil have washed into it

119
Q

Tell me about weathered rock fragments

A

It is mixed with some soil

120
Q

What causes rocks to break up

A

The heat of the Sun and the cold of the night causes the rocks to crack roots and plants also cause rocks to break up new plants grow into gaps in the soil when they die this decompose material form soil water also causes the rocks to break up the water washes the particles away to other places where is soil is formed small particles are also spread by wind

121
Q

What four things are needed for life to exist on Earth

A

Soil air water and light

122
Q

Draw the layers of the crust

A

Your picture must start with topsoil and subsoil then pieces of rock and soil and then solid rock or bedrock

123
Q

What do rocks break down over time into

A

Rocks then stones then Pebbles then soil

124
Q

Describe the different types of soil

A

Play salts fine sand then medium sand then large sand particles

125
Q

Tell me about Sandy soil

A

Mostly large grains water drains through it quickly it is usually dry

126
Q

Tell me about loamy soil

A

Mostly medium-size grains a mixture of sand and clay holds water well

127
Q

Tell me about clay soil

A

Very tiny grains that come together doesn’t drain well water sits on the top get sticky

128
Q

Draw a table of sandy clay and loamy soil which ones get the mostly large grain small grains different Graham sides humus and best for growing plants

A
129
Q

Tell me about the layers of theearth

A

Crust then Mantle then outer core then inner core

130
Q

Tell me about sedimentary rocks

A

They are formed when layers of sediment like sand mad and Pebbles get squished together over time these Les eventually turn into rock sedimentary rocks are formed in places like rivers oceans and deserts

131
Q

Tell me about igneous rocks

A

These are formed when hot lava or magma cools down quickly first the magma Mel schools down and then hardens rocks the pulldown fast turn into glass rocks of cool down slowly turn into large grains

132
Q

Tell me about a metamorphic rock

A

A rap that has been changed due to extreme heat and pressure they start at is a sedimentary or igneous rock and then turn into a different rock. It is formed under the earths surface

133
Q

What are the three main types of rocks

A

Igneous metamorphic and sedimentary

134
Q

How are sedimentary rocks formed

A

They are formed over a very long time is important because of the way it forms and the time it takes to form and preserve fossils within it

135
Q

Tell me the steps in the process of the formation of sedimentary rocks

A

Step one
Soil and rock on the surface breakdown this process is called erosion. overtime big rocks break down into smaller pieces and eventually into grands erosion can happen due to plants roots growing in the cracks chemicals in the air or in the water causing them to break down or when when bangs on rocks step to the grains are moved by the wind and water these tiny grains are blown into the air forming Dust

136
Q

Tell me about step two of forming sedimentary rocks

A

Grains are moved by the water and the wind the grains of Claire blown into the air forming dust and I move from the area where they were formed to other places when it rains they’re washed away and transporter to rivers

137
Q

Tell me about step three of sedimentary rocks

A

Grains are deposited in low-lying areas the wind can only carry the grains of it is blowing it a fast speed as soon as it slows down the Grange drop the wind slows down a deposit for the rain on the ground river deposit them in the same way when he’s grains are deposited they are called sediments and this is how layers of sediment are formed

138
Q

Tell me about step four of sedimentary rocks

A

New layers of sediment or deposited on existing layers grains are continually being washed or blown into these regions regions as one layer starts another is formed on top of it

139
Q

Tell me about step five of sedimentary rocks

A

Layers are contacted and hard and over time

140
Q

What else are igneous rocks known as?

A

They are known as fire rocks are formed either underground or above the ground all igneous rocks are made of Midrand minerals when these chemicals cool down their form crystals

141
Q

Tell me about the different types of sedimentary rocks

A

You get shale sandstone and limestone

142
Q

Tell me about shale and sandstone

A

Shale is made from mud that has been compacted. The grains are of clay are too tiny to see so the rock looks solid.
Sandstone is made from sand grains that have been contacted the sand grains are slightly bigger than clay grains and can be seen sandstone is soft and crumbles easily

143
Q

Tell me about limestone a sedimentary rock

A

Limestone is formed from the remains of dead sea animals when animal dies it’s body falls to the ocean Flora decomposes the bones of shells are broken down and layers are formed

144
Q

What are fossils

A

Fossils are the remains of ancient plants and animals that lived thousands of years ago that have been preserved in layers of rock

145
Q

Where can fossils be found

A

Mostly in sedimentary rock the process by which sedimentary rocks are formed is delicate enough that fossils can be preserved within them

146
Q

Tell me about fossilisation

A

Step one a dinosaur dies and the soft part of its body decays step to the skeleton is covered by sand and mud before it can decay step three over thousands of years the many layers of mud covering the skeleton turn to rock step for over thousands of years the rock is eroded by wind and water to expose the fossil

147
Q

What are the two main types of fossils

A

Body fossils and trace fossils

148
Q

Tell me about a body fossil

A

Body fossils are the preserved body parts of an organism such as fossilised bones teeth shells leaves stems and leaves

149
Q

Why do you body fossils tell us a lot about an animal or plant

A

We can work out what kind of food at eight from its jaw what senses at use most for example big eyes more site the size of its brain it’s defence mechanisms and more

150
Q

What are trace fossils

A

Trace fossils are the signs of life that have been preserved they give evidence that organism once lived on Earth but are not made up of that organism examples include fossilised footprints droppings or leaf impressions

151
Q

What is a fossil

A

The remains of an organism that long to long ago and found in sedimentary rocks

152
Q

What does a palaeontologist do

A

He studies trace and body fossils

153
Q

What does extinct mean

A

An animal or plant that does not exist today

Energy Grade 5 Term 3 (4 decks)

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