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Physics Paper 1 > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

1
Q

What is a system

A

An object or group of objects

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2
Q

What is the equation for kinetic energy

A

0.5 x mass x speed(squared)

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3
Q

What is the equation for elastic potential energy

A

0.5 x spring constant x extension (squared)

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4
Q

What is the equation for gravitational potential energy

A

Mass x gravitational field strength x height

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5
Q

What are examples of energy stores

A

Kinetic energy store
Gravitational potential store
Chemical store
Elastic potential store
Nuclear store
Internal store

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6
Q

What is specific heat capacity

A

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius

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7
Q

What happens if you increase an objects temperature

A

Increases the energy in the kinetic store of the bodies particles meaning that the energy in the objects internal store also increase

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8
Q

What is the law of conservation

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed. Instead it can only be transferred

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9
Q

What happens with mechanical work

A

Energy transferred from 1 object to another via a force is an example of mechanical work

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10
Q

What happens with electrical work

A

An electrical current transfers energy from one object to another like a battery powering a torch

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11
Q

What are the energy changes when a ball is thrown upwards

A

Upwards-KE is converted into GPE
peak-maximum GPE zero KE
Downwards- GPE converted to KE

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12
Q

What are the energy transfers for a bungee jumper

A

When falling-GPE converted to KE
As cord tightens KE converted to EPE
lowest point- jumpers initial GPE equals the EPE stored in the cord

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13
Q

Why does a bungee jumper slow down once the chord begins to stretch

A

Kinetic energy decreases since it is converted to elastic potential energy
Since kinetic energy is proportional to velocity (squared) as kinetic energy decreases so does the velocity

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14
Q

What happens if more work is done

A

Push with the same force for a longer distance or push with a larger force for the same distance

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15
Q

What is the equation for work done

A

Work done = force x distance

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16
Q

What is the definition of power

A

The rate at which energy is transferred

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17
Q

What are the two equations for power

A

Power=energy transferred over time
Power=work done over time

18
Q

Two mothers lift the same mass through the same height. Motor A does this in half the time of Motor B. Which dissipates the most power?

A

Motor A. The energy transferred is the same but the time taken is less

19
Q

What are examples of chemical energy stores

A

Food
Fuel
Batteries

20
Q

What is waste energy

A

The energy that is not used by the device for its desired purpose

21
Q

What is an example of wasted energy

A

Friction- in almost encrypted energy transfer friction creates heat energy and this energy is wasted

22
Q

Describe the energy changes that occur in a filament light bulb

A

Electrical energy is transferred into light and heat energy
Light in a useful energy form however heat is waste energy

23
Q

How can you calculate efficiency of energy transfers

A

Useful output energy transfer/Total input energy transfer
Useful power output/total power output

24
Q

How can the efficiency of a system be increased

A

Reducing waste output
Recycling waste output

25
Q

What is a consequence for energy transfer of a material with a high thermal conductivity

A

Rate of energy transfer through the material is higher than for a material with a lower thermal conductivity

26
Q

How can you reduce unwanted energy

A

Lubrication-can reduce the friction between surfaces of objects causing some energy to be dissipated
Thermal insulation-as heat will be lost through roof windows walls and floors

27
Q

How can the efficiency of a radiator be improved

A

Installing metal foil sheets behind the radiator to reflect the Heat back into the room rather than it being absorbed into the walls

28
Q

How can the efficiency of boiling water in a pan be improved

A

By placing a lid on the pan to reduce the heat loss from the top

29
Q

What is a renewable energy resource

A

An Energy source which can be replenished as it’s being used up

30
Q

What are the example of renewable resources

A

Wind
Geothermal
Hydroelectric
Tidal
Solar

31
Q

What is an example of a non renewable energy resource

A

Fossil fuels like coal oil or gas

32
Q

What are the disadvantages to using renewable energy

A

Often determined by external factors like wind speed so supply is uncertain
Generating power through other means is often more efficient and economically beneficial

33
Q

What are the environmental impacts of burning fossil fuels

A

Carbon dioxide contributed to the greenhouse effect and caused global warming
Supper dioxide leads to acid rain which can damage buildings and crops

34
Q

What are the advantages of fossil fuels as an energy resource

A

Reliable- not dependant on external factors
Can produce large amounts of energy for a given quantity
Still relatively abundant so cost effectivr
Used for more large scale energy supplies due to large energy output per kg of fuel

35
Q

What are the advantages of solar panels

A

Don’t harm the environment
Renewable
Can be used in remote areas

36
Q

How has the uk increased renewable energy

A

Government policy-governments are introducing targets for renewable energy
Power plants- energy providers are building power plants that use renewable resources
Vehicles-vehicle makers are creating electric use
Renewable energy has become more important due to the finite lifetime of fossil fuels

37
Q

What are the limits of renewable energy

A

Cost-expensive to build power plants
Reliability-less reliable than fossil fuels
Politics-may not be keen on renewable

38
Q

What is the method for determining specific heat capacity

A

1)set up your equipment ensuring to wrap insulation around the base and sides of the block.
2) if the thermometer has an air gap surrounding it when placed into the second hole, drop water into the hole using a pippette to increase thermal contact

39
Q

Method for specific heat capacity (2)

A

3) if the power of the heater is unknown switch on the power supply and measure the current and potential
Calculate the power using Power=current x potential difference
4) keep the power supply on and start the timer. Measure the temperature of the block every 10 minutes

40
Q

Specific heat capacity method (3)

A

5) plot a graph of temperature against work done by the heater. Calculate the gradient of the line
6) specific heat capacity is the gradient divided by the mass of the block. Since the mass is 1 kg the inverse of the gradient is the specific heat capacity of the block

41
Q

What are the main energy uses

A

Transport
Electricity generation
Heating

42
Q

What are the patterns and trends of energy use

A

During industrial revolution fossil fuels became an important source of energy as it was easy to mine and provided lots of energy
Only recently had renewable energy become more suitable- technology has ad to develop a lot to harness such energy sources efficiently
Easier to use energy resources due to increasing pressure to cope with the publics power demands but harder to solve environmental issue due to political social ethical and economic considerations

Physics Paper 1 (4 decks)

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