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Physics > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is energy?

A

The ability to do work.

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2
Q

What does it mean for something to have energy?

A

It means that the something can transfer that energy to make something happen.

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3
Q

What unit is energy measured in?

A

Joules.

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4
Q

What is elastic potential energy?

A

A stretched or squeezed material such as a spring, hair band or stress ball

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5
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

A moving object such as a runner, cyclist or a car

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6
Q

What is chemical energy?

A

Atoms reacting together such as food or a battery

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7
Q

What is thermal energy?

A

A material that warms up such as a stove or a candle

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8
Q

What is nuclear energy?

A

Fission or fusion reacting such as nuclear reactions

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9
Q

What is gravitational potential energy?

A

Objects with a mass feel attraction such as a person on earth

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10
Q

What is magnetic energy?

A

Some metals will push or pull each other such as a compass or magnet

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11
Q

What is electrostatic energy?

A

Charged particles attract or repel such as static electricity

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12
Q

What is a mechanical energy transfer?

A

Moving energy between stored by using a force on an object

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13
Q

What is an electrical energy transfer

A

Moving energy between stores by using an electrical charge

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14
Q

What is a thermal energy transfer?

A

Energy transfers from the hotter object to the colder object

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15
Q

What is a radiation energy transfer?

A

Energy transferred as light or sound waves

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16
Q

What are the 4 energy transfers?

A
  • Mechanical
  • Electrical
  • Heat / thermal
  • Radiation
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17
Q

What are the 8 energy stores?

A
  • Elastic
  • Kinetic
  • Chemical
  • Thermal
  • Nuclear
  • Gracitational
  • Magnetic
  • Electrostatic
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18
Q

What is a closed system?

A

No transfer of energy to surroundings

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19
Q

What is the Law of “Conservation of Energy”?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, on stored, transferred or dissipated

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20
Q

What is the equation for Kinetic Energy?

A

KE = 1/2 mv2

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21
Q

What is the equation for Gravitational Potential Energy?

A

GPE = mgh

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22
Q

What is the equation for Elastic potential energy?

A

EPE = 1/2 ke2

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23
Q

What is the equation for Power?

A

Either
P = E/t or W/t

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24
Q

What is the equation for efficiency?

A

Efficiency = Useful/Total (x 100)

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25
Q

What do the symbols in KE = 1/2 mv2 mean?

A

KE = Kinetic Energy
M = Mass
V2 = Velocity2

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26
Q

What do the symbols in GPE = mgh mean?

A

GPE = Gravitational Potential Energy
M = Mass
G = Gravity (9.8N)
H = Height

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27
Q

What do the symbols in EPE = 1/2 ke 2

A

EPE = Elastic Potential Energy
KE2 = Kinetic Energy2

28
Q

What is power?

A

The rate of an energy transfer

29
Q

What do the symbols in P = E/t or W/t mean?

A

P = Power
E = Energy Transferred
W = Work Done
T = Time

30
Q

What is wasted energy?

A

Wasted energy is energy not used to its intended energy store.

31
Q

Where does the wasted energy go?

A

The wasted energy is dissipated into its surroundings usually as thermal energy.

32
Q

What do the symbols in Eff = Useful/Total (x 100) mean?

A

Eff = Efficiency
Useful = Useful Energy
Total = Total energy used

33
Q

What is Specific Heat Capacity?

A

The amazing of energy required to change the temperature of one kilogram of the substance by one degree Celsius.

34
Q

What is the equation for Specific Heat Capacity?

A

E = MC(change in temperature)

35
Q

What is an anomaly?

A

A value that does not fit the patters.

36
Q

What is resolution?

A

The smallest change that can be measured using a measuring instrument (I.e 1°C on a thermometer)

37
Q

What is accuracy?

A

Within an experiment without errors, the closest to true value.

38
Q

What is precision?

A

Precise measurements that are very little spread about the mean value.

39
Q

What is validity?

A

An investigation is valid if it answers the hypothesis correctly.

40
Q

What is conduction?

A

Particles that are hotter vibrating more vigorously that bash into colder particles, making them too hot and vigorously vibrating.

41
Q

What are free electrons?

A

Electrons that move quickly through the material transferring nerdy faster than normal vibrating collisions.

42
Q

What process does Convection endure?

A

Convection Currents

43
Q

What is radiation?

A

When heat is moved from one place to another without using particles

44
Q

What waves are used to transfer heat radiation?

A

Infrared waves

45
Q

What can heat radiation pass through?

A

Vacuums

46
Q

What is cost effectiveness?

A

The amount of money saved compared to the cost of energy saving measure.

47
Q

What is non-renewable energy resource?

A

An energy source that will run out

48
Q

What makes an energy source non-renewable?

A

When it is not being made at the same rate as it’s being used

49
Q

What is a renewable energy resource?

A

An energy source that will not run out.

50
Q

Name some examples of renewable resources

A
  • wind
  • solar
  • hydroelectricity
  • wave
  • tidal
  • geothermal
  • Bio-mass
51
Q

Name some examples of non-renewable resources

A
  • coal
  • oil
  • natural gas
  • nuclear fuels
52
Q

Why are some renewable resources unreliable?

A

Because they rely on the weather

53
Q

How do non-renewable resources have their energy obtained?

A

By being burned

54
Q

Uses of electric transportation:

A
  • trains
  • trams
  • cars
55
Q

Uses of electric heating:

A
  • storage heating
  • mains heating
  • fan heaters
56
Q

What is meant by something being carbon neutral?

A

That the plants absorb CO2 as they grow and then the same amount is released when burned

57
Q

Most of the electricity we generate in power stations come from ____________ _________

A

Non-renewable resources

58
Q

How is a nuclear power station similar to a coal power station?

A

Water is heated to steam which turns a turbine that turns a generator to produce energy

59
Q

How is a nuclear power station different to a coal power station?

A

Nuclear fuels don’t burn, instead heat is released from nuclear reactions.

60
Q

What are some types of nuclear fuels used in power stations?

A

Uranium or Plutonium

61
Q

Advantages to thermal power stations

A
  • cost effective
  • large amounts of fuel produced
  • readily available
  • reliable
62
Q

Disadvantages to thermal power stations

A
  • shortage of fossil fuels
  • leads to global warming
  • produces acid rain
63
Q

What energy store is in the fuel when burned?

A

Chemical energy store

64
Q

In the boiler,
_______ energy transfers -> _______ energy store of the moving steam

A

1) Thermal
2) Kinetic

65
Q

In the turbine,
_______ energy store of the moving steam is transferred ____________ to the turbine

A

1) Kinetic
2 Mechanically

66
Q

In the generator,
_______ energy of the moving coil is transferred ____________ to wires and cables

A

1) Kinetic
2) Electrically

Physics (2 decks)

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