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Energy Flashcards

1
Q

What is energy?

A

The ability to do work.

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2
Q

What does it mean for something to have energy?

A

It means that the something can transfer that energy to make something happen.

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3
Q

What unit is energy measured in?

A

Joules.

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4
Q

What is elastic potential energy?

A

A stretched or squeezed material such as a spring, hair band or stress ball

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5
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

A moving object such as a runner, cyclist or a car

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6
Q

What is chemical energy?

A

Atoms reacting together such as food or a battery

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7
Q

What is thermal energy?

A

A material that warms up such as a stove or a candle

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8
Q

What is nuclear energy?

A

Fission or fusion reacting such as nuclear reactions

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9
Q

What is gravitational potential energy?

A

Objects with a mass feel attraction such as a person on earth

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10
Q

What is magnetic energy?

A

Some metals will push or pull each other such as a compass or magnet

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11
Q

What is electrostatic energy?

A

Charged particles attract or repel such as static electricity

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12
Q

What is a mechanical energy transfer?

A

Moving energy between stored by using a force on an object

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13
Q

What is an electrical energy transfer

A

Moving energy between stores by using an electrical charge

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14
Q

What is a thermal energy transfer?

A

Energy transfers from the hotter object to the colder object

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15
Q

What is a radiation energy transfer?

A

Energy transferred as light or sound waves

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16
Q

What are the 4 energy transfers?

A
  • Mechanical
  • Electrical
  • Heat / thermal
  • Radiation
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17
Q

What are the 8 energy stores?

A
  • Elastic
  • Kinetic
  • Chemical
  • Thermal
  • Nuclear
  • Gracitational
  • Magnetic
  • Electrostatic
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18
Q

What is a closed system?

A

No transfer of energy to surroundings

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19
Q

What is the Law of “Conservation of Energy”?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, on stored, transferred or dissipated

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20
Q

What is the equation for Kinetic Energy?

A

KE = 1/2 mv2

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21
Q

What is the equation for Gravitational Potential Energy?

A

GPE = mgh

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22
Q

What is the equation for Elastic potential energy?

A

EPE = 1/2 ke2

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23
Q

What is the equation for Power?

A

Either
P = E/t or W/t

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24
Q

What is the equation for efficiency?

A

Efficiency = Useful/Total (x 100)

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25
What do the symbols in KE = 1/2 mv2 mean?
KE = Kinetic Energy M = Mass V2 = Velocity2
26
What do the symbols in GPE = mgh mean?
GPE = Gravitational Potential Energy M = Mass G = Gravity (9.8N) H = Height
27
What do the symbols in EPE = 1/2 ke 2
EPE = Elastic Potential Energy KE2 = Kinetic Energy2
28
What is power?
The rate of an energy transfer
29
What do the symbols in P = E/t or W/t mean?
P = Power E = Energy Transferred W = Work Done T = Time
30
What is wasted energy?
Wasted energy is energy not used to its intended energy store.
31
Where does the wasted energy go?
The wasted energy is dissipated into its surroundings usually as thermal energy.
32
What do the symbols in Eff = Useful/Total (x 100) mean?
Eff = Efficiency Useful = Useful Energy Total = Total energy used
33
What is Specific Heat Capacity?
The amazing of energy required to change the temperature of one kilogram of the substance by one degree Celsius.
34
What is the equation for Specific Heat Capacity?
E = MC(change in temperature)
35
What is an anomaly?
A value that does not fit the patters.
36
What is resolution?
The smallest change that can be measured using a measuring instrument (I.e 1°C on a thermometer)
37
What is accuracy?
Within an experiment without errors, the closest to true value.
38
What is precision?
Precise measurements that are very little spread about the mean value.
39
What is validity?
An investigation is valid if it answers the hypothesis correctly.
40
What is conduction?
Particles that are hotter vibrating more vigorously that bash into colder particles, making them too hot and vigorously vibrating.
41
What are free electrons?
Electrons that move quickly through the material transferring nerdy faster than normal vibrating collisions.
42
What process does Convection endure?
Convection Currents
43
What is radiation?
When heat is moved from one place to another without using particles
44
What waves are used to transfer heat radiation?
Infrared waves
45
What can heat radiation pass through?
Vacuums
46
What is cost effectiveness?
The amount of money saved compared to the cost of energy saving measure.
47
What is non-renewable energy resource?
An energy source that will run out
48
What makes an energy source non-renewable?
When it is not being made at the same rate as it’s being used
49
What is a renewable energy resource?
An energy source that will not run out.
50
Name some examples of renewable resources
- wind - solar - hydroelectricity - wave - tidal - geothermal - Bio-mass
51
Name some examples of non-renewable resources
- coal - oil - natural gas - nuclear fuels
52
Why are some renewable resources unreliable?
Because they rely on the weather
53
How do non-renewable resources have their energy obtained?
By being burned
54
Uses of electric transportation:
- trains - trams - cars
55
Uses of electric heating:
- storage heating - mains heating - fan heaters
56
What is meant by something being carbon neutral?
That the plants absorb CO2 as they grow and then the same amount is released when burned
57
Most of the electricity we generate in power stations come from ____________ _________
Non-renewable resources
58
How is a nuclear power station similar to a coal power station?
Water is heated to steam which turns a turbine that turns a generator to produce energy
59
How is a nuclear power station different to a coal power station?
Nuclear fuels don’t burn, instead heat is released from nuclear reactions.
60
What are some types of nuclear fuels used in power stations?
Uranium or Plutonium
61
Advantages to thermal power stations
- cost effective - large amounts of fuel produced - readily available - reliable
62
Disadvantages to thermal power stations
- shortage of fossil fuels - leads to global warming - produces acid rain
63
What energy store is in the fuel when burned?
Chemical energy store
64
In the boiler, _______ energy transfers -> _______ energy store of the moving steam
1) Thermal 2) Kinetic
65
In the turbine, _______ energy store of the moving steam is transferred ____________ to the turbine
1) Kinetic 2 Mechanically
66
In the generator, _______ energy of the moving coil is transferred ____________ to wires and cables
1) Kinetic 2) Electrically

Physics (2 decks)

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