Energy Flashcards
Since energy doesn’t cycle, animal cells…(3)
Require a continuing source of glucose
Are dependent on plants
Must produce ATP nonstop
ATP is used for…(3)
Chemical Work
Transport Work
Mechanical Work
Any energy transformation involves the loss of some energy as…
Heat
The useful energy conversion in photosynthesis is…
Solar to Chemical
Is the breakdown of ATP exergonic or endergonic
Exergonic because energy is released from the ATP
Why is ATP a “rechargeable” battery
When ATP loses a phosphate and becomes ADP it needs to be recharged. Once it gains a phosphate group and becomes ATP again is is fully charged.
How does ATP provide energy
When the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphates breaks, it releases a lot of energy and the 3rd phosphate is removed.
What type of biological molecule type is ATP?
Nucleotide
The 3 main components of ATP
3 phosphates
Ribose sugar
Adenine nitrogenous base
The order of the ATP cycle
Add phosphate
ATP
Lose phosphate
ADP
ATP → ADP + P is exergonic or endergonic
Exergonic
ADP + P → ATP is exergonic or endergonic
Endergonic
What is a coupled reaction
Energy released from an exergonic reaction drive an endergonic reaction
Exergonic is…
releases energy and is spontaneous
Endergonic is…
a reaction that needs energy and requires energy for the reaction to happen
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can be transformed/converted from one form to another
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
When an energy transformation occurs, some useable energy is lost, so no energy transformation is 100% efficient
What is the initial source of energy for life
The sun
Why do organisms need a constant input of energy?
Energy flows, it does not cycle, so a new input of energy is constantly needed. Also, some usable energy is lost with each transformation of energy.
Potential energy…
energy available to do work
Kinetic energy…
energy activelyI doing work
Is chemical energy potential or kinetic
Chemical energy is a type of potential energy because the energy is stored in the bonds of molecules
