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GCSE Physics > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the units for energy

A

Joules (J)

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2
Q

What happens to used energy?

A

It is dissipated

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3
Q

What are the 8 different energy stores?

A
  • Magnetic energy
  • Electrostatic energy
  • Nuclear energy
  • Thermal energy
  • Elastic potential energy
  • Chemical energy
  • Kinetic energy
  • Gravitational potential energy
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4
Q

Name some examples of magnetic energy stores

A
  • Magnets
  • Compasses
  • Maglev trains
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5
Q

Name some examples of thermal energy stores

A
  • Human bodies
  • Hot coffee
  • Ice particles (vibrate slower but still have energy)
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6
Q

Name some examples of chemical energy stores

A
  • Food
  • Muscles
  • Electrical cells (eg. in batteries)
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7
Q

Name some examples of kinetic energy stores

A
  • Cars
  • Comets
  • Planets (orbiting)
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8
Q

Name some examples of electrostatic energy stores

A
  • Electricity
  • Thunderclouds
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9
Q

Name some examples of elastic potential energy stores

A
  • Elastic bands
  • Compressed springs
  • Inflated balloons
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10
Q

Name some examples of GPE energy stores

A
  • Planes
  • Hot air balloons
  • Jumping
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11
Q

Name some examples of nuclear energy stores

A
  • Nuclear bombs
  • Stars
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12
Q

What are the 4 different types of energy transfer?

A
  • Mechanical work
  • Electrical work
  • Heating
  • Radiation
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13
Q

What is mechanical work?

A

Energy transfer by a force moving an object through a distance

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14
Q

What is electrical work?

A

Energy transfer through an electrical current

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15
Q

What is heating (energy transfer)?

A

Energy transfer due to a temperature difference

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16
Q

What is radiation (energy transfer)?

A

Energy transferred as a wave

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17
Q

Energy cannot be _______ or _________

A

Created or destroyed

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18
Q

What is internal energy?

A

The total kinetic energy and potential energy of the particles in an object

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19
Q

What is the equation for GPE?
Give units.

A

GPE (J) = mass (kg) x gravitational field strength (N/kg) x height (m)

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20
Q

What is the equation for kinetic energy?
Give units.

A

KE (J) = 1/2 x mass (kg) x velocity2 (m/s)

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21
Q

What can be used to reduce friction between two moving things?

A

A lubricant

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22
Q

What is the equation for efficiency?

A

. Useful energy/power out
Efficiency = ————————————
Total energy/power in

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23
Q

What are the 3 different processes of which heat can be transferred?

A
  • Conduction
  • Convection
  • Radiation
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23
Q

Heat always moved from ___ areas to ____ areas

A

Hot areas to cold areas

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24
Q

What is conduction?

A

When thermal energy is transferred through solids, through vibrations

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25
Q

What is convection?

A

When heat is transferred through either a liquid or a gas

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26
Q

What is this an example of?
Conduction, convection or radiation

The handle of a metal pan getting hot

A

Conduction

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27
Q

What is this an example of?
Conduction, convection or radiation

An oven cooking a turkey

A

Convection

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28
Q

What is this an example of?
Conduction, convection or radiation

A toaster making toast

A

Radiation

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29
Q

What is this an example of?
Conduction, convection or radiation

A metal at room temperature feels cold to touch

A

Conduction

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30
Q

What is this an example of?
Conduction, convection or radiation

Boiling a kettle

A

Convection

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31
Q

What is this an example of?
Conduction, convection or radiation

A white shirt keeps you cool in the summer

A

Radiation

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32
Q

When insulating something, is it better to have a high or a low thermal conductivity?

A

Low thermal conductivity

33
Q

What is thermal conductivity?

A

A measure of how well a material conducts energy when it is heated

34
Q

Name 4 methods you could use to prevent heat loss in a house

A
  • Double glazed windows
  • Underfloor heating
  • Loft insulation
  • Thicker walls
35
Q

How does double glazing help prevent heat loss?

A

Trapped air between the glass is a good insulator which therefore reduces heat loss

36
Q

How does underfloor heating help to prevent heat loss?

A

Heat comes from the floor, so heat isn’t able to escape through there

37
Q

How does loft insulation help prevent heat loss?

A

Trapped air is a good insulator which will therefore reduce heat loss

38
Q

Name 2 ways to reduce unwanted energy transfers

A
  • Lubrication
  • Thermal insulation
39
Q

How does increasing a wall’s thickness reduce heat loss?

A

The energy must travel further before it is transferred to the outside

40
Q

Name some renewable energy sources

A
  • Solar
  • Wind
  • Hydroelectric
  • Geothermal
  • Bio-fuel
  • Tidal
41
Q

Name the 2 non renewable sources of energy

A
  • Fossil fuels
  • Nuclear
42
Q

Name 3 different types of fossil fuels

A
  • Oil
  • Coal
  • Natural gas
43
Q

What are the disadvantages of fossil fuels?

A
  • Non renewable
  • Releases CO2
44
Q

What are the advantages of fossil fuels?

A
  • Easy to gather
  • Easy to transport
  • Cheap / highly profitable
45
Q

What are the disadvantages of nuclear power?

A
  • Non renewable
  • Releases radioactive waste (needs to be disposed of safely)
46
Q

How is energy gathered from fossil fuels?

A

Fossil fuels are burnt which turns turbines, producing electricity

47
Q

How is energy gathered using bio-fuels?

A

Plant matter, ethanol or methane used in place of fossil fuels

48
Q

How is energy gathered using wind?

A

Using wind turbines

49
Q

How is energy gathered using hydroelectric?

A

Using hydroelectric dams

50
Q

How is geothermal energy gathered?

A

Heat from underground can be used to create steam, which spins turbines, producing electricity

51
Q

How is energy gathered using the sun?

A

Using solar panels

52
Q

What are the advantages of nuclear power?

A
  • Reliable
  • Produces no greenhouse gasses
53
Q

What are the advantages of bio-fuel?

A
  • Renewable
  • Carbon neutral
54
Q

What are the disadvantages of bio-fuel?

A
  • Expensive
  • Takes up a lot of land
55
Q

What are the advantages of wind power?

A
  • Renewable
  • Produced no greenhouse gasses
  • Land can still be used for farming
56
Q

What are the disadvantages of wind power?

A
  • Ugly
  • Kills birds
  • Only works if there is wind
57
Q

What are the advantages of solar power?

A
  • Renewable
  • Low environmental impact
  • Can be put on houses
58
Q

What are the disadvantages of solar power?

A
  • Only works if there is sun
  • Uses up lots of farmland
59
Q

What are the advantages of geothermal energy?

A
  • Renewable
  • Reliable
  • Low environmental impact
60
Q

What are the disadvantages of geothermal energy?

A
  • Harmful gasses could be released
  • Location specific
61
Q

What are the advantages of tidal energy?

A
  • Renewable
  • Reliable
62
Q

What are the disadvantages of tidal energy?

A
  • Not many suitable locations
  • Can harm marine habitats
63
Q

What are the advantages of hydroelectric power?

A
  • Renewable
  • Reliable
64
Q

What are the disadvantages of hydroelectric power?

A
  • Can cause flooding
  • Expensive to build the dam
65
Q

Is the colour black a good absorber of heat?

A

Yes

66
Q

Is the colour black a good emitter of heat?

A

Yes

67
Q

Are white/shiny objects good at absorbing heat?

A

No

68
Q

Are white/shiny objects good at emitting heat?

A

No

69
Q

Other than releasing CO2, what is another environmental impact of burning coal?

A

Causes acid rain

70
Q

What is power?

A

The rate at which energy is transferred

71
Q

What causes mechanical processes to become less efficient?

A

When they produce heat, causing some of the energy to dissipate

72
Q

Name an equivalent unit for watts

A

J/s (Joules per second)

73
Q

What is work done?

A

The amount of energy transferred in order to move and object from one place to another

74
Q

Can energy be created?

A

No

75
Q

Can energy be destroyed?

A

No

76
Q

What energy changes are involved when an object moves upwards (eg. if thrown)

A

Kinetic energy is transferred to gravitational potential energy

77
Q

What energy changes are involved when a moving object hits a wall?

A

Kinetic energy is dissipated to various stores such as thermal stores

78
Q

What energy changes are involved when a car is accelerating?

A

Chemical energy is transferred to kinetic energy

79
Q

What energy changes are involved when a car is decelerating?

A

Kinetic energy is transferred to thermal energy

80
Q

What is another name for thermal energy?

A

Internal energy

GCSE Physics (9 decks)

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