Energetics and Acid-Base Chemistry

Question 1

Covalent bonds

Answer 1

Shared electrons from the valence electron shell

Question 2

Coulomb’s law

Answer 2

E=k(q1)(q2)/Dr^2
E=energy of interaction between 2 particles
k= equilibrium constant
q1 & q2= charges
D= dielectric constant (how polar solvent is)
r= distance between particles

Question 3

Van der Waals interactions

Answer 3

Non-uniform distribution of charge around an atom allows for electrostatic interaction with asymmetric charge in neighboring atoms

Question 4

Van der Waals contact distance

Answer 4

Crucial for van der Waals interaction to work: atoms must be close enough that they can interact, but must not be so close that the electrons repulse each other

Question 5

1st law of thermodynamics

Answer 5

The amount of energy in a system and its surroundings is constant

Question 6

2nd law of thermodynamics

Answer 6

The amount of entropy in a system and its surroundings always increases

Question 7

pKa

Answer 7

Equal concentration of protonated and deprotonated forms of molecule

Question 8

Henderson-Hasselbach equation

Answer 8

pKa= pH + log [HA]/[A-]