Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Contrast > Endterm > Flashcards

Endterm Flashcards

1
Q

Radiographic examination which includes the distal part of esophagus, stomach, duodenum and proximal part of jejunum with the use of barium sulfate.

A

UPPER GI SERIES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

11 Indications for UGIS

A

Diverticulum, gastritis, gastric outlet obstruction, sol, abdominal new growth, peptic ulcer, duodenal atresia, hiatal hernia, tumor, polps, bezoar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Remember (UGIS)

A

Activities of the stomach, stomach habitus, regions of abdomen, quadrants of abdomen, stomach habitus, variation of stomach, and structures adjacent to stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3-6 inches inferiorly esp. distal and pyloric portion with pylorus moving as high a T12 and as low as the sacrum

A

Erect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Best depiction of relationship of stomach to the spine which measurements indicates the depth of retro-gastric space

A

Left lat erect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

offer most superior displacement of stomach in this the gastric contents tends to flow into the fundus with some air within the stomach while fluid gravitates to the most dependent portion of the stomach. Best demonstrate the DCS of the body of stomach and pylorus.

A

Supine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

greater tendency for a lower position of the stomach than in supine and to fall obliquely. Forward and downward. Barium tends to gravitates and fills up the distal end of the body of stomach, pylorus, bulb, and C-loop while there is usually mixtures of air and barium and BA. Coated mucosa of the fundus, thus DCS is achieved in the fundus

A

Prone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Llr swing backwards

A

Rlr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dcs of body of stomach

A

Oblique/lao

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Caused of barium retention in the stomach

A

Hypoacidity and emotional stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Things to do?

A

Bowel preparation
Patient preparation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Two methods of administering the cm

A

Double meal and single meal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Methods of the study

A

Fluoroscopy
Overhead/conventional method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Conventional
1. Scout film-
2. Esophagus-

A
  1. Ap supine
  2. Ap,lao,rpo,pa recumbent, rt lateral,
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fluoroscopy/conventional
1. Esophagus-
2. Stomach-

A
  1. Rpo up.
  2. Rpo up, ap recumbent, lao recumbent, pa recumbent, spot fil 4:1 bulb
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ways of producing air in the stomach?

A

Two straw one outside one inside, breath thru his/her mouth of swallow air after ingestion of barium, Gas producing tablet- gastroluft, ez gas, ans alka seltzer, carbonated drinks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pylorus and bulb for hypersthenic (45* cranially)

A

Gordon’s modification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Infants (35* cranially)

A

Gugliantini modification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Demonstrate a leaf like pattern of pylorus and bulb

A

Hamptons modification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Retro-gastric space to evaluate pancreatic mass

A

Popple’s method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

35* hiatal hernia

A

Sommer-foegelle method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Rao

A

Wolf method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Roentologic investigation of biliary system of liver by means of functioning radiopaque cm

A

Cholangiography/cholecystography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Methods (cholangiography/cholecystography)

A
  1. Oral
  2. Iv
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Indications (cholangiography/cholecystography)

A
  1. Determine function of liver, ability to remove cm from blood stream and excrete it with bile
  2. Determine patency of biliary ducts,
    3.Conditions such as biliary calculi, papillomas,
    4.Cholelithiasis
    5.cholecystitis
    6.neoplasm
    7.biliary stenosis
    8.congenital anomalies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Contra-indications (cholangiography/cholecystography)

A
  1. Advance hepato renal disease
  2. Active GI disease (V/D)
  3. Hypersensitivity to iodine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Modification for cholangiography/cholecystography

A

Trendelenburg maneuver
Fleischner modification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Post motor meal for cholangiography/cholecystography

A

1.Determine contracting and emptying power of GB
2. ap/pa (recumbent or upright)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

functional study of biliary system

A

IVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Indications for IVC

A
  1. Demonstrate biliary ducts of cholecystectomized subjects
  2. Investigate biliary ducts and gb of non-cholecystectomized subjects
  3. Incase of non-visualization of gb in oral method
  4. Incase of vomiting and diarrhea
  5. Physiology of GB
  6. Hepatoma
  7. Tumor
    8 new growth
    9 stones and biliary stenosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Contraindications for ivc

A

Hepatitis
Cholangitis
Renal dysfunction
Multiple myeloma
Jaundice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Substitute for ivc

A

Us
Ptc
Ercp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Cm used for ivc

A

Biligrafin plain or forte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Projections for ivc
Scout film-
Injection phase 1cc-
__
Time interval-
--_
Filling phase
Pa (__mins)
Lpo _mins/mins
Rld
Motor phase
__ /__
Lpo _ mins
Rao mins
Rao _ mins- __

A

Ap
Sensitivity test
Fulldose
10,20,30,45,1hr,2hrs, until 12 hrs
Ap,pa,rao
20 mins
30/60 mins
Post motor/evacuation phase
20 mins
30 mins
60min- after meal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

-same as oral chole
-px instructed to refrain from eating fatty foods for 4 days
-px may take 2 tabs of telepaque after each meal 4 days

A

Four day telepaque test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q
  • Direct examination of biliary tract or pancreatic duct
  • Non-functional study
  • Invasive
  • Oral/IV
  • Px bring to RR
  • Complication- PNM
A

Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q
  • Pre operative radiologic exploration of biliary tract
  • Non-functional study/invasive method
A

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Direct examination of GB and is done in operating room

A

Intraoperative cholangiogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Indications for IOC

A
  1. Investigation of patency of bile duct and status of sphincter of ODDI
  2. Reveal presence of calculi that cannot be detected by palpation
    3.demonstrate condition such as tumors, structures, or dilation of passage
  3. Determine status of hepatopancreatic ampulla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Positioning for IOC

A

Ap,pa,rpo,lpo,ap fowlers and trendelenburg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Things to do in IOC

A

Necessary numbers of film and cassettes (with grid)- 10x12
Hangers and lead aprons goggles and thyroid shield

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Positioning in IOC (2)

A

-ap, slightly rpo,lpo
ap fowlers- distal portion of biliary system and duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Cm used in ercp

A

Meglumine salt (telebrix, conray, hypaque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

In ercp we use?

A

Endoscopic/cannulate two portions of doudenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

In ptc we use __ “__” needles

A

Chiba “skinny”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Machines used in ptc

A

Fluoroscopy and US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Purpose in PTC

A

Obstructive jaundice/stone extraction/biliary drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Machine used in ercp

A

Fluoroscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Purpose of tube is for drainage of bile and remaining stones in the ducts, performs 1-3 days after surgery

A

T-tube cholangiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Purpose in t-tube cholangiography

A

Visualized residuals or previous undetected cholelithis
evaluate status of biliary duct system
demonstrate lesion strictures or dilation within biliary ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Projections for t-tube
Scout film-
Injection phase-

A

Ap supine
Ap,rpo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Combination of GB and UGIS

A

Chole-gis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Preparation for chole-gis

A

-Fatty meal for lunch day before examination
-Evening meal non fatty foods
-Take cholecystopaque (telepaqu,biloptin,cistobil)
-usually double dose tablet 12 tablets (1-2 tablets every 5 mins intervals)
-npo
-no smoking, no breakfast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Modified to perform cholecystectomy and cholangiography

A

Lapascopic cholangiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Advantages of lapascopic cholangiography

A
  • can perform as outpatient
  • less invasive
  • reduced hospital time, can go home the same day
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Non-functional study

A

Ercp,ptc,ioc, t-tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Functional study

A

Oral chole, 4 day telepaque test, ivc, chole-gis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Radiologic examination of small bowel with administration of barium suspension

A

Small intestine series

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Indication for small intestine series

A

-anatomy of small intestine
-to know physiology- transmit and emptying time
-pathology of small intestine

60
Q

Things to do in small intestine series
- px prep
Method of study-
-ba prep-
-time interval

A

oral or indirect
33 to 50%
15 mins, 60 mins endpoint is when cecum begins to be filled up/14x17

61
Q

Projection for small intestine series

A

Ap recumbent

62
Q

Why supine?

A

-To avoid abdominal pressure thus preventing overlapping of loops of small intestine
- to avail superior movement of stomach thus demonstrating the C-loop and restrogastric better

63
Q

Increase motility in small bowel and hasten gastric evacuation

A

Colonic saline method (cold isotonic saline)

64
Q

Cases of obstruction (small bowel enema and therapeutic intubation)

A

Intubation period

65
Q

One for intro and one for aspiration

A

Abbot-miller-double lumen (barrel)

66
Q

same with intubation method

A

Enteroclysis (small intestine enema)

67
Q

Projection used Enteroclysis (small intestine enema)

A

Pa, ap, oblique (sbo, chron, dse and malabsorption)

Complete reflux enema
Reflux filling enema

68
Q

Done in UGIS with special emphasis to duodenal loop after administration of barium sulfate and gastruluft or my means of intubations, Studying both intraluminal and extraluminal disorders

A

Hypotonic doudenography

69
Q

Indications for hypotonic doudenography

A

Duodenitis, pancreatitis, hepatitis and abdominal mass affecting c-loop

70
Q

Things to do in hypotonic duodenography
Ba sulfate-
Ap/lao-
Probatine buscopan solution-
15 mins after injection take?
-
-
-
-

A

33 to 50%
Stomach
To relax duodenum
Projection of c-loop
Ap 2 exposure 8x10
Lao 2 exposure 8x10
Rpo 2 exposure 8x10
1 hr film may follow

71
Q

Technique of water test

A
  • Px in supine and oblique (LPO)
  • Highly satisfactory for detection of gastro-esophageal reflux and reflux occuring under these circumstances, correlates well with pyrosis (heartburn) esp. px with hiatal hernia
72
Q

Accelerate of barium meal
1. recommends IM/subcuataneous injection of 0.5mg noestigmine
2. recommends addition of 30mg of sorvitol to 400cc of water and 125-130g of barium

A
  1. Marshar/linder
  2. Sovenyl/Varro
73
Q

Radiographic examination of large intestine

A

Barium enema

74
Q

Indications for barium enema

A

Colitis, diverticulosis, neoplas, polyps, volvulus, intusussception, abdominal mass, LGI bleeding, fistula, ulcerative colitis, and tumor

75
Q

Contra indications for barium enema

A
  • Post sigmoidoscopy
  • Post colonoscopy
  • Diarrhea
76
Q

Preliminary preparations for barium enema

A
  • Laxatives (evacuate intestinal contents)
  • Cleansing enema (evacuate fecaloid materials from large intestine)
77
Q

Precaution in barium enema

A
  • Active bleeding, definite obstruction, diarrhea and acute ap
78
Q

Ba prep in barium enema

A
  • 8 ounces of barium sulfate and 2 quartz of warm water, 1 and half or two ounces of powder gum acacia to sustain the suspension
79
Q

Enema system

A
  • Two of barium to allow complete filling of colon
  • Should be at least 6 feet above tubing
  • 18-24 inches above px anus for low pressure enema
80
Q

How to clean enema system

A

Place soap suds and boil the system for 5 mins

81
Q

Position in inserting the enema nozzle, relax pressure of abdominal muscle as well as the anal sphincter

A

Sim position

82
Q

Procedures in barium enema
1. Scout phase-
2. Filling phase
-
-
Lld-
Rao-
Lao-
3. Post evacuation-
4.

A

Ap
Ap
Lao
Space between rectum and coccyx
Splenic flexure
Hepatic flexure
Ap
Mucosal study or double contrast study

83
Q

Is an opening in the colon serving some or all of the function of anus

A

Colostomy

84
Q

Replace the anus when the anus and rectum must be removed

A

Permanent colostomy

85
Q

Anterior measure pending restoration of colonic continuity

A

Temporary colostomy

86
Q

Creation of passage through abdomen into the ileum

A

Ileostomy

87
Q

Invagination or indigestion of a portion of the intestine into the adjacent position

A

Intussusception

88
Q

When ileum and ileocecal valve passed into the cecum and colon

A

Ileocecal

89
Q

Large intestine is prolapsed into itself

A

Colic

90
Q

Small intestine invaginated into itself

A

Ileal

91
Q

Invagination of a lower part into higher part

A

Retrograde intussusception

92
Q

Ileus to NB to blocking the bowel with thick meconium

A

Meconium ileus

93
Q

recto-sigmoid

A

Trendelenburg position

94
Q

Recto-sigmoid 35-45* cranially (prevent overlapping loop to separate sigmoid colon

A

Billing’s modification

95
Q

Recto-sigmoid (12* caudally)

A

Openheimer modification

96
Q

Lao (30-35* rot) 30-45* cranially

A

Fletchers

97
Q

Pre-sacral LL

A

Robins modification

98
Q

Rectum and recto sigmoid junction

A

Chassard lapine modification/jack knife position

99
Q

Method valuable in early diagnosis of the ff: ulcerative colitis, regional colitis and polyps

A

Welin technique

100
Q

CM enters the kidney in normal directions

A

Antegrade filling

101
Q

CM introduced against flow

A

Retrograde filling

102
Q

BUN

A

8-25Mg/ml

103
Q

Creatinine

A

0.6-1.5mg/100ml

104
Q

General term applied to the radiologic examinations of excretory canals by means of CM

A

IVP

105
Q

Types of kidney

A

Horshoe kidney, floating/wandering kidney-nephrotosis/renal ptosis, ptotic kidney, hydronephrosis

106
Q

Indications for ivp

A

Trauma, flank pain, hematuria, renal hypertension,renal failure,pyelonephritis, tumor/cyst, UTI, scanty urination, new growth, hydronephrosis

107
Q

Contraindication for IVP

A

multiple myeloma, sickle cell anemia, anuria, hypersensitive to iodine, dm, chf, severe hepatitis

108
Q

Things to do in IVP

A

bun/creatinine, inform consent, cm prep and bowel prep

109
Q

Examination procedure for IVP
* Scout film/kub-
* injection phase
-
Full dose
5 mins-
15 mins-
30 mins-
Post void/post micturation film-

A

Ap
Sensitvity test/test dose
Ap
Ap/pa
Ap-oblique
Ap upright

110
Q

For hypersensitive patient or sometimes utilized for children, used drip infusion method 60-120 cc of cm

A

Hypersensitive IVP

111
Q

Hypersensitive ivp can demonstrate?

A
  1. Late appearance of CM indicating arterial obstruction
  2. Hyper-concentration of CM is one kidney indicating ischimic kidney with higher rate of water reabsorption
  3. Delayed execretion of CM indicating reduce function size differential
  4. Non-functional kidney
    5.irregular outine but normal calyces indicating renal dysfunction
112
Q

Procedures for hypersensitive IVP
*
*
*
*
5 mins-

A

Scout film
Injection phase
1,2,3 mins after completion of injection
Ap

113
Q

Intended for hypersensitive patients, increase clarity of which the collecting system and ureters may be indentified.

A

Drip infusion pyelography

114
Q

Sequence filming may be made 2,3,5,15 mins until entire system is visualized

A

Wash out IVP

115
Q

Hypertensive case

A

Rapid sequence IVP

116
Q

Cm is injected to the skin and will be absorbed by the skin, site of injection (scapular region)

A

Subcutaneous pyelography

117
Q

Inner and outer wall of the organ or outer contour of a relative solid organ to detect displacement or deformity in the shadow of kidney

A

Suprarenal air insufflation (perirenal) dual contrast

118
Q

Direct non functional radiographic examination of pelvo-calyceal system, pre operative procedure, using cystoscope, renal washing

A

Retrograde pyelography (ascending pyelography)

119
Q

Direct invasive non-functional radiographic examination of pelvo-calyceal system

A

Percutaneous translumbar neprostomy

120
Q

Direct, non-functional/retrograde radiographic examination of UB

A

Cystography

121
Q

Indication of cystography

A

Cystolithiases, trauma, BPH, extravasation, fistula

122
Q

Procedure for cystography

A

Scout film, pa, raol/lao, ap/pa

123
Q

Radiographic examination of prostate gland with the use of cm

A

Prostatography

124
Q

Procedure for prostatography

A

Px is requested to empty his bladder, prep of px is the same as cystoscopy

125
Q

Positioning and modification for prostatography

A

Pa
Tube shift technique (uretral calculus) 2 exposures
Rass and emmet (two technique)

126
Q

5 degrees cranially

A

Rib cover kidney

127
Q

Translateral and dorsal decubitus in IVP to investigate the utero-pelvis junction esp in case of hydronephrosis

A

Rolestone and relay

128
Q

Bilateral projections of UB (popples method 1 UGIS)

A

Ilkins modification

129
Q

Prone in IVP for demonstration of possible obstruction of ureter

A

Handle and schwarts

130
Q

Px in lateral “knee chest”

A

Pre-scaral pneumography

131
Q

Cm is introduced into the retro-peritoneal cavity

A

Peri-renal pneumography

132
Q

Demonstrate masses, abscess, and cysts within or outside kidney

A

Percutaneous renal puncture

133
Q

Employed for the investigation of the walls of the uterus to locate the site of the placenta in cases of possible placenta previa, ap and lateral

A

Placentograpy

134
Q

Employed for the demonstration of fetus in utero, detect early pregnancy and later for determining age, condition, position and presentation of fetus, whether the pregnancy is single or multiple and to detect any abnormal conditipn (PA for early pregnancy)

A

Fetography

135
Q

Radiographic examination of the fallopian tube and uterus using positive cm

A

Hysterosalphingography

136
Q

Indication for hysterosalingography

A

Determine tubal patency, diagnosis of malformation of uterus and FT, post-operative visualization of tubal plastic surgery, detection of tubal and uterine pathology

137
Q

Postion
* lithotomy postion-
Projections-

A

Insertion
Ap,pa,oblique, lateral

138
Q

Radiographic examination of congenital malformation and pathologic condition such as vesicovaginal to lambi, robin and dall recommend the use of thin barium sulfate mixture for investigation of fistulous communications with intestine

A

Vaginography

139
Q

Radiologic examination of the female pelvic organs by means of intraperitoneal gas insufflation, this now replaced by US for uterine fundus, ovaries, oviducts and broad ligaments (slowly inject 1000-2000 cc of gas (air,c02 and n20)

A

Pelvic pneumography, gynecography, and pangynecography

140
Q

Perfomed to demonstrate the architecture of maternal pelvis and to compare the size of the maternal bony pelvic outlet. The purpose of this procedure is to determine whether the pelvic diameters are adequate for normal parturation or whether CS is necessary for the delivery

A

Pelvimetry

141
Q

Indications for pelvimetry

A

Pseudopregnancy
Presence/absence of fetus

142
Q

Spalding sign, massive gas formation, collapse of fetus, position

A

Fetal death

143
Q

Types of fetal death

A

Colcher-sussman pelvimeter
Ball and thom

144
Q

Projection for fetal death

A

Ap and lateral

145
Q

Radiographic examination of amnion with the use of positive cm to determine the viability or non-viability of fetus

A

Amniography

146
Q

Projections for amniography

A

Ap and lateral

147
Q

Hazards for amniography

A

Induce premature laboring
Fetus received radiation

Contrast (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions