Endotracheal Intubation Flashcards
Name three specific scenarios where endotracheal intubation is commonly performed in dogs.
Surgery
Dental prophylaxis
Procedures requiring gas anesthesia or ventilation
What are the potential consequences of using an endotracheal tube that is too large?
Trauma to the larynx and trachea.
What are the potential consequences of using an endotracheal tube that is too small?
Inadequate airway provision.
What is the recommended internal diameter of an endotracheal tube for an average 10-35 lb dog?
6–8 mm
How should the length of the endotracheal tube be premeasured before intubation?
Against the dog’s neck, so the tip is located midway between the larynx and the thoracic inlet.
What is the function of the inflatable cuff on an endotracheal tube?
To provide a snug seal between the tube and the tracheal wall, preventing escape of anesthetic gases and fluid entry.
How should the integrity of the endotracheal tube cuff be checked prior to intubation?
By inflating the cuff with air, listening for leaks, or submerging it in water to look for bubbles.
In what recumbency is endotracheal intubation most easily performed in dogs?
Sternal recumbency.
How should the assistant position the dog’s head and neck during intubation?
With the neck extended and the head and neck not twisted to either side.
What tools can be used to hold the dog’s mouth open during intubation?
Strips of gauze or plastic tubing placed behind the canine teeth.
What instrument is used to visualize the larynx during intubation?
laryngoscope
What anatomical structures are visualized with a laryngoscope during intubation?
Arytenoid cartilages and vocal folds
How far should the endotracheal tube be advanced into the trachea?
Until the tip of the tube is midway between the larynx and thoracic inlet.
How is correct placement of the endotracheal tube verified after insertion?
By auscultating both sides of the chest for breath sounds and palpating the neck
What are the indicators of adequate ventilation in an intubated dog?
Normal-looking, pink-colored mucous membranes and clear lung sounds on auscultation
What monitoring modalities can be used during canine anesthesia with endotracheal intubation?
Pulse oximetry
Capnography
Electrocardiography
Doppler blood pressure monitoring
Blood gas analysis
What is the first step in the extubation process after the procedure is completed?
Turn off the flow of inhalant anesthetic but continue administration of oxygen
When should the cuff of the endotracheal tube be deflated?
When the swallowing reflex returns.
What is the primary concern during the semiconscious state following anesthesia and extubation?
Airway obstruction
What is a sign of an esophageal intubation?
Palpation of two firm tubes in the neck.
What is the purpose of a quick-release knot when securing an endotracheal tube?
To allow for rapid removal of the tube
