Endoscopy Lo's

Question 1

What is an endoscope?

Answer 1

long thin tube with a small camera inside. it is inserted directly into the organ or cavity

Question 2

Examples of types of endoscopy and what they look at

Answer 2

• Arthroscopy–> joints
• bronchoscopy–> trachea and bronchi
• colonoscopy–> colon+ large intestine
• colposcope–> vagina + cervix
• laparoscope–> abdominal organ
• neuroendoscope–> area of brain
• sigmoidoscopy–> sigmoid colon
• thoroscope–> pleura

Question 3

name 5 GI endoscope techniques

Answer 3

1. sigmoidoscopy- rectum + sigmoid colon in via anus
2. enteroscopy- allows better visiulaisation of small bowel than EGD
3. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)- ducts, involving liver, pancreas and gallbladder
4. endoscopic ultrasound- used to look at histological layers of GI btract and surrounding organs
5. percutaenous endoscopic gastrotomy- flexible feeding tube is placed with the assistance of an endoscope through a small incision in the abdominal wall into the stomach.

Question 4

sedation options available for upper and lower GI endoscopy

Answer 4

• 1st choice–. propafol- hypnotic
• opiates–> meripiridine, fentanyl
• benzodiazepines-> midazolam, diazepam

Question 5

patient experience of endoscopy

Answer 5

• cramps
• twinges
• painful
• stressful
• unnatural

Question 6

complications of using an endoscope

Answer 6

1. perforation
2. reaction to sedation
3. infection
4. bleeding
5. pancreatitis from ERCP
6. bloating
7. numb throat

Question 7

Management of upper GI bleed

Answer 7

pre endoscopic mamagement

1. haemodynamic assessment + resuscitation
2. blood transfusion–> Hb to 70/80 g/L
3. risk assess blled–> Blatchford score
4. erythromycin (prokinetic) –> PPI to be cosnidered

endoscopic urgent if haemodynamically ustable

1. injection therapy (epinephrine)
2. thermal probes (electro coagulation, heater probe)
3. oesophageal varices? ligation/ balloon tamponade
4. gastric adhesion- tissue adhesion

Post endoscope

1. PPI for ulcers + aspirin
2. cirrhosis- antibiotics

Question 8

What is a PEG

Answer 8

PEG= percutaneous endoscopic gastrotomy

endoscopic medical procedure in which a PEG tube is fed into the stomach via the anterior abdomen. Allows for feeding to bypass oesophagus