endoscope Flashcards
technique for using
endoscope controls- left hand
endoscope tip- right arm
what are endoscopes used for
diagnosis- both benign and malignant
therapeutics- emergency or elective
screening
surveillance- picking up cancer of the bowel early
specialised types of endoscope
gastroscope colonoscope side viewing scope enteroscope capsule endoscopic ultrasound
visual diagnosis
oesophagitis gastritis ulceration coeliac disease chrohns disease ulcerative colitis sclerosing cholangitis
what often causes gastritis
anti-inflammatory tablets
treating ulcers
caused by H.Pylori treated using antibiotics amoxicillin clarithromycin or metronidazole
first line use a PPI- acts on the acid which would aggravate the ulcer already formed
miscellaneous conditions identified by endoscope
Mallory-Weiss tears diverticulae foreign bodies (food bolus, razor blades) stones worms
why endoscope good for early diagnosis
can diagnose pre-malignant conditions
ability to remove tissue in a minimally invasive way
easy to follow up
screening
angiodysplasia
growth of new blood cells
so close to the lumen that endoscope can cause bleeding very easy
types of bleeding
variceal bleeding
arterial bleeding
angiodysplasia
treating variceal bleeding
this is a life threatening medical emergency ABC resuscitate injection- fibrinogen banding histocryl glue
varicose bleeding
very close to the lumen- can be burst through high pressure, food endoscope passing
what do we do about varicose bleeding
plastic cap at end of endoscope
stick the cap over the bulge
suction and suck up varic the bleeding bit
bit of string- cutes off blood supply- bleeding point isolated and bleeding stops
other treatment for varicose bleeding
sclerosant
glue
arterial bleeding
arteries in gut can be eroded into
