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physio ob > Endometrial and Ovarian Cycle > Flashcards

Endometrial and Ovarian Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

Predictable, regular, cyclical and spontaneous

ovulatory menstrual cycles

A

Ovarian Cycle

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2
Q

Ovarian cycle is regulated by complex interactions of the _____.

A

HPO axis

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3
Q

Average duration of the menstrual cycle

A

28 days

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4
Q

Two phases of the ovarian cycle

A

Proliferative and Secretory phase

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5
Q

Number of follicles present at

  1. birth
  2. puberty
  3. entire life (ovulated)
A
  1. birth - 2 million oocytes
  2. puberty - 400, 000 follicles
  3. entire life - 400
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6
Q

A hormone that causes independent recruitment of the primordial follicles during the human follicular development.

A

Gonadotropin

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7
Q

Resting pool of oocytes proceed to the antral stage with the help of these factors.

A

Growth differentiation factor 9 and BMP 15 (bone morphogenic protein)

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8
Q

What hormone is involved in the gonadotropin-dependent growth of antral follicle to produce estrogen?

A

FSH

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9
Q

Horomone that stimulates theca cell production of androstenedione.

A

LH

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10
Q

This is produced by the granulosa that causes negative feedback to the pituitary to inhibit FSH release resulting to non-development of other
follicles enabling only 1 follicle to reach maturity.

A

Inhibin B

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11
Q

This event is a relative and precise predictor of ovulation.

A

Estrogen surge

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12
Q

This event stimulates the resumption of oocyte meiosis.

A

LH surge

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13
Q

What maintains the corpus luteum?

A

Low frequencey and high amplitude pulses of LH

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14
Q

It is a transient endocrine organ that rapidly regresses 9-11 days after ovulation.

A

Human Corpus Luteum

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15
Q

What hormonal change causes luteolysis?

A

Dramatic drop in the levels of estradiol and progesterone.

*this will also signal the endometrium to initiate molecular events that will lead to menstruation.

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16
Q

This type of estrogen is the most biologically poten naturally occurring.

A

Estradiol-17 beta

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17
Q

This type of estrogen share robust activation by estradiol.

A

EB-alpha and EB-beta

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18
Q

This hormone can evoke changes in intracellular free calcium.

A

Progesterone

19
Q

Specific phase in the proliferative phase where in mitotic figures are seen and no extravascular blood or leukocyte infiltration happens.

A

Early proliferative phase

20
Q

Specific phase in the proliferative phase where in epithelial cells acquire numerous microvilli and cilia.

Loose stroma becomes prominent and portions of the endometrium are widely separated.

Increase in stromal ground substance (edema and protenaceous material)

A

Late proliferative phase

21
Q

The dating of the endometrium is based on the histology of the glandular epithelium. True or False

A

True

22
Q

What day is the first sign of ovulation seen

A

Day 17?

23
Q

Substance that accumulates in the basal
portion of the glandular epithelium, creating subnuclear vacuoles and
pseudo-stratification.

A

Glycogen

24
Q

Specific phase in the secretory phase where stromal cells surrounding the spiral arterioles begin to enlarge and stromal mitosis becomes apparent.

A

Mid to Late Secretory

Phase (day 22-25)

25
Q

Day or phase where the glands exhibit extensive coiling and
secretions become visible within the
lumen.

A

Mid to Late Secretory

Phase (day 22-25)

26
Q

Events that include rupture of spiral arteriols with consequent formation of a hematoma. is also called

A

Menstruation or menstrual bleeding

27
Q

It infiltrates the stroma causing psudoinflammatory appearance to the tissue a day or two before the onset of menses.

A

Neutrophils

28
Q

chemotactic activating factor for neutrophils

A

IL-8

29
Q

the primary cause of

endometrial ischemia and tissue degeneration during the menstrual phase

A

Statis or resultant stasis

30
Q

This causes vasoconstriction, myometrial contractions and upregulation of pro inflammatory responses which leads to menstruation

A

Prostaglandins

31
Q

may mediate
myometrial contractions and uterine
ischemia → painful menses

A

PGF2 alpha-induced spiral artery

vasoconstriction

32
Q

Event that causes the increase in COX-2 and
decrease 15- hydroxyprostaglandin
dehydrogenase(PGDH) w/c degrades PG →
higher PG production by endometrial stromal
cell

A

Progesterone withdrawal

33
Q

Enumerate the three decidual structures

A

Decidua basalis
Decidua
capsularis
Decidua parietalis

34
Q

This decidual structure is directly beneath the site of

blastocyst implantation

A

Decidua basalis

35
Q

Overlying the enlarging blastocyst, separating it from the rest of the uterine cavity.

Covered with single layer
of flattened epithelial cells
w/o glands.

What decidual structure?

A

Decidua

capsularis

36
Q

internally,
avascular extraembryonic
fetal membrane

What specific part of the decidua capsularis?

A

Chorion Laeve

37
Q

Fused decidua parietalis and capsularis

A

Decidua Vera

38
Q

Zona compacta and zona spongiosa is collectively known as

A

Zona functionalis

39
Q

This layer of decidua basalis and parietalis Gives rise to new
endometrium after delivery

A

Zona basalis

40
Q

Decidual blood supply:

  1. capsularis -
  2. parietalis -
A

Capsularis: lost as the embryo-fetus grows

Parietalis: through spiral arteries persist

41
Q

Decidual Histology:

Zone of fibrinoid degeneration

A

Nitabuch layer

and if defective: placenta accreta

42
Q

placental lactogen, produced by

syncytiotrophoblast

A

hPL

43
Q

attenuates rate of prolactin

secretion

A

Arachodonic acid

44
Q

decreases prolactin secretion

A

ET-1, IL-1, IL-2 and epidermal growth factor

physio ob (4 decks)

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