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EARTH SCIENCE FINALS > ENDOGENIC > Flashcards

ENDOGENIC Flashcards

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1
Q

Geological processes associated with energy originating in the interior of the solid earth

A

Endogenic Process

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2
Q

3 Main sources of heat on Earth

A
  1. Heat from the accretion of Earth during its formation
  2. Frictional Heating, caused by the sinking of core materials to the center of the planet
  3. Heat from the decay of radioactive elements
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3
Q

The formation and movement of magma

A

Magmatism

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4
Q

Molten rocks that are found beneath Earth’s surface is called?

A

Magma

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5
Q

magma emerges at the surface it is called?

A

Lava

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6
Q

Factors that affect magma formation?

A

Temperature, Pressure, Water Content, and Mineral Composition

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7
Q

happens when temperature stays the same but the pressure decreases and it occurs at divergent boundaries, where tectonic plates separate

A

Decompression Melting

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8
Q

melting triggers when volatiles or gaseous substances are added into the hot solid rocks and happens at convergent margins

A

Flux Melting

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9
Q

melting of surrounding rocks caused by very hot magma bringing in additional heat. It occurs in ridges, rift valleys, hotspots and subduction zone

A

Heat Transfer Melting

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10
Q

where rocks begins to melt but only certain minerals are melting

A

Partial Melting

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11
Q

Volcanoes are the visible manifestation of the process of rock formation and the eruption of molten rock (magma) onto the surface of a planet.

A

Volcanism

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12
Q

3 Types of Volcanoes

A

Composite, Cinder-cone, and Shield

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13
Q

They emit a stiff, rapidly solidifying lava which forms high, steep-sided cones

A

Composite Volcano

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14
Q

They regularly throw out ash and build up flatter domes

A

Cinder-cone Volcano

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15
Q

Its lava does not eject violently, but flows over the crater rim forming a broad low profile

A

Shield Volcano

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16
Q

It is a type of eruption that is dominated by the flow of lava and formation of lakes and fountains

A

Effusive Eruption

17
Q

It is a type of eruption that ejects ash and larger fragments of broken pyroclastic materials (rock fragments).

A

Explosive Eruption

18
Q

The process when a rock changes its form into new one without undergoing melting or disintegration

A

Metamorphism

19
Q

What causes Metamorphism?

A

Heat, Pressure, and Hydrothermal

20
Q

5 Metamorphism processes

A

Recrystallization, Phase Change, Neocrystallization, Pressure Solution, Plastic Deformation

21
Q

changes in shape and size of minerals w/o changing its density.

A

Recrystallization

22
Q

transformation of one mineral to another mineral

A

Phase Change

23
Q

growth of new minerals that’s differs from the old rocks.

A

Neocrystallization

24
Q

dissolution of mineral grains when rock is squeezed dominantly in one direction at low temperature and pressure and presence of water.

A

Pressure Solution

25
Q

minerals become flattened or elongated w/o changing the composition

A

Plastic Deformation

26
Q

Tectonic forces operating inside the Earth causes rocks to undergo deformation and stress causes rocks to deform

A

Deformation

27
Q

3 Type of Stress

A

Tensional, Compressional and Shear

28
Q

stress that occurs when the dominant force is directed away from each other.

A

Tensional Stress

29
Q

stress that is formed when dominant force is directed towards each other.

A

Compressional Stress

30
Q

stress that develops when the two dominant force are directed towards each other but not along same axis

A

Shear Stress

31
Q

The resulting change in the rocks due to the different types of stress is called?

A

Strain

32
Q

Three stages of Deformation

A

Elastic, Ductile, Permanent

33
Q

In elastic deformation, its strain is?

A

Reversible

34
Q

In Ductile Deformation, the strain is?

A

Irreversible

35
Q

In Permanent Stage of Deformation, its elasticity reaches its?

A

Limit

36
Q

Structures produced by deformation?

A

Joints, Faults, and Folds

37
Q

Natural cracks in the rocks produced by brittle deformation

A

Joints

38
Q

planar structures resulting from brittle deformation but there is sliding between the rocks

A

Faults

39
Q

produced by deformation of ductile materials. They are contortions of rock layers forming wave-like curves

A

Folds

EARTH SCIENCE FINALS (5 decks)

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