Endodontics Flashcards
What guidelines are used for RCT quality assurance?
European Society of Endodontology’s Quality Guidelines.
When should a patient be reviewed after RCT?
- CLINICAL and RADIOGRAPHIC follow up at least 1 year after treatment.
- Further follow up for up to 4 years.
4 indications for root canal retreatment?
- Persistent periapical pathology following root canal treatment (persistent symptoms, sinus tract, swelling, pain).
- New periapical pathology associated with a root-filled tooth.
- A new restoration is planned for a tooth and radiographic assessment shows an inadequate root canal filling and/or a periapical radiolucency.
- Failure of previous treatment (ex. due to technical errors, signs of inflammation/ infection).
What were the Ng studies? What did the find (%)?
- Systematic review of 17 studies, 1961 - 2005.
- Secondary RCT has a 77% SUCCESS RATE.
3 prognostic factors of retreatment according to Ng study?
o Pre-operative periapical lesion.
o Apical extent of root canal filling.
o Quality of coronal restoration.
Healed?
- Clinically: no signs/symptoms.
- Radiological: No residual radiolucency or scarring after surgery.
Healing?
- Clinically: no signs or symptoms.
- Radiological: reduced radiolucency in follow up <4 years.
Asymptomatic function?
- Clinically: no signs or symptoms.
- Radiological: no or persistent radiolucency, reduced in size or unchanged.
Persistent/ recurrent/ emerged disease?
- Clinically: with or without symptoms.
- Radiological: new, increased, unchanged or reduced after >4 years.
Prevention of post treatment disease (6)?
- Rubber dam isolation.
- Proximity of preparation to the constriction.
- Sufficient taper of preparation.
- Adequate irrigation and placement of inter appointment medicament.
- Correct extension of root canal obturation without extrusion.
- Adequate coronal seal to prevent re-infection.
Persistent periapical pathology following root canal treatment?
no radiographic signs of bony healing after 4 years.
new periapical pathology associated with a root filled tooth
- Initial healing but a new radiolucency develops some time later.
- Root canal system has become infected (by coronal leakage) subsequent to previous treatment.
Toronto study?
- Friedman.
- Primary treatment –> 81 success.
- Retreatment –> no PA 89-100%, PA 56-84%.
Treatment outcomes - Ng et al 2011
Success based on periapical health:
- Primary RCT 83%.
- Secondary/ Retreatment RCT 80%.
5 microbial causes of post-treatment disease?
- Intraradicular microbes.
- Extraradicular infection (microbes have invaded host defense mechanism and established themselves in periapical tissues).
- True/ Radicular cyst (cavity which has walled itself off from the root canal system).
- Cracked teeth, vertical root fracture.
- Coronal leakage
Intraradicular microbes as a microbial cause of post-treatment disease (2)?
Intraradicular infections, either:
- Persistent: microbes were not removed during initial treatment.
- Secondary: microbes entered root canal system via coronal leakage.
2 non microbial causes of post-treatment
- Foreign body reactions in periapical tissues (to extrusion of RCT material).
- Cholesterol crystals
2 types of intraradicular infections in root canal treated teeth?
- Persisting infection: inadequate isolation/ disinfection during treatment.
- New secondary infection through leakage.
What is a shortcoming of radiographs for assessing root canal treatments?
Radiographs do not indicate the BIOLOGICAL STATUS of the root canal.
What are radiographically poor root canal fillings often associated with?
Periapical radiolucencies.
What is a shortcoming of rotary files?
- Instrumentation can be done very quickly HOWEVER must ensure ADEQUATE DISINFECTION has occurred.
Define persistent bacteria?
Bacteria that remain in the root canal system after root canal disinfection and interappointment dressing.
What bacterial type is more likely to be persistent bacteria?
GRAM POSITIVE bacteria appear to be more resistant to antimicrobial treatment.
- Ability to adapt to harsh environmental conditions in instrumented and medicated root canals.
Do persistent bacteria always cause infection?
DO NOT always maintain an infectious process.
- residual bacteria may die after obturation.
- Residual bacteria may be present in insufficient numbers and virulence.
- They may be located in areas where they have to access to periapical tissues and thus nutrients.