Endodontics Flashcards
at what age in dogs and cats do the tooth root apices close
10-11 months old
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
the apical delta typically encompasses xmm of the root
3mm
mand M1 >3mm
(2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman)
what % of cat max PM4 and mand M1 have furcation canals
27.2%
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
what % of intrinsically stained teeth have radiographic endo changes?
57.1%
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
what % of intrinsically stained teeth have pulp necrosis?
92.2%
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
explain how the bur is angled when created the access site for standard RCT
initially the bur is perpendicular to the enamel (using a high-speed friction grip bur) for 1-2mm until through enamel.
then it is angled towards the apex to enter the pulp (using a low-speed right angle bur)
(2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman)
what are barbed broaches used for?
to remove residual pulp
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
what does ISO file size indicate?
tip diameter
size 10 file will be 0.1mm at tip
(2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman)
how should Hedstrom files be used?
push-pull, no rotation
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
what action do H-files perform?
aggressive cutting with rapid removal of debris
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
how are Kerr files made?
twisting triangular, square or rhomboid tapered metal rods
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
how should K-files be used?
push-pull, or 1/4 turn and pull
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
how are K-reamers different from K-files
fewer twists
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
how are K-reamers used
watch-winding action
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
explain the 3 techniques for cleaning and shaping root canals
step-down or crown-down: larger files are used to enlarge the coronal aspect, followed by progressively smaller files until working length is reached
step-back: start with smallest file that will reach working length followed by progressively larger files
hybrid: start with initial enlargement to flare coronal aspect, followed by step-back technique
(2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman)
what is the master file?
largest file that can be passed to the working length
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
what consistency of lubricant should be used for hand files?
paste lubricant
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
what consistency of lubricant should be used for rotary instruments?
aqueous lubricants
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
which aqueous lubricant is preferred?
EDTA
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
list 3 irrigants
bleach (NaOCl)
EDTA
chlorhexidine
(2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman)
what purpose does irrigation with bleach fulfill?
antimicrobial
lubricant
dissolves organic component of smear layer
(2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman)
at what strength should bleach be used as an irrigant
full strength - 5.25%
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
does the strength of bleach impact its antibacterial effficacy?
no
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
can chlorhexidine and bleach be used concurrently as irrigants?
no
forms insoluble, toxic parachloroaniline
(2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman)
what action does EDTA perform as an irrigant?
its is a chelator that dissolves the mineral component of the smear layer
(2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman)
what combo of irrigants is recommended?
bleach and EDTA
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
what 2 components are used when obturating a root canal?
root canal sealer and obturation material (GP)
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
what is the purpose of a root canal sealer?
prevent apical leackage, prevent ingress of bacteria, entomb any residual bacteria
(2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman)
which 3 root canal sealers are recommended?
Guttaflow2
AH Plus
MTA Fillapex
(2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman)
what are the components of Guttaflow 2?
silicone-based sealer, GP powder and nano silver particles
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
list 4 gutta percha placement techniques
cold lateral condensation warm vertical condensation thermoplastic technique thermomechanical technique (2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman)
describe the cold lateral condensation GP placement technique
master GP cone is coated with sealer and placed to working length
spreaders are used to adapt the GP to the canal walls
accessory GP cones are placed and adapted with spreaders
(2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman)
describe the warm vertical condensation GP placement technique
master GP cone placed GP warmed with heated instrument pluggers used to vertically compact GP accessory cones used to fill canal (2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman)
describe the thermoplastic GP placement technique
accessory GP cones are heated before placement
GP is manually compressed.
(2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman)
describe the thermomechanical technique of GP placment
a rotational instrument warms the GP and mechanically compacts the GP.
Accessory cones are fed in
(2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman)
what are negative prognostic indicators for standard RCT?
root resorption
periapical radiolucency
(2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman)
for uncomplicated crown fractures, if the dentine is xmm or more thick, direct composite restoration may be performed
5 mm
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
what are the primary indicators of success of VPT?
apical closure
progressive thickening of dentinal walls, narrowing of pulp
lack of apical (root resorption) and periapical (PAR) pathology
!!! formation of a dentine bridge is a positive finding, but does not indicate success!
(2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman)
success rate of VPT with MTA?
92%
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
success rate of VPT with CaOH?
58%
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
x mm of pulp should be removed during partial pulpectomy of VPT?
5-8 mm
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
x mm thick layer of MTA is placed over the pulp
2 mm
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
what is apecxification?
induction of apical closure in a nonvital tooth
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
x mm of root is removed during apicoectomy in surgical RCT
3-4mm
6mm in mandibular molar 1 due to potential for lateral canals
or flush with wall of periapical lesion
(2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman)
how much GP or root canal sealer is removed after apicoectomy in surgical RCT?
3-4mm
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
how should apicoectomy be performed in surgical RCT?
root is amputated perpendicularly
2022 Vet clinics of N. America Hewitt, Coffman
what is the apical root canal filled with for surgical RCT?
MTA is preferred.
