Endodontic Materials Flashcards
what are endodontic instruments used for?
- mechanical phase of chemomechanical disinfection
- metal files used to remove soft & hard tissues
- removes microorganisms
- creates space for disinfectants
- creates appropriate shape for obturation
what are the classification of instruments used in endodontics?
- manually operated
- low-speed instruments
- engine driven NICKEL-TITANIUM rotary instruments
- engine driven instruments that adapt to canal shape
- engine-driven reciprocating instruments
- ultrasonic instruments
components of an endo rotary instrument, what is each one?
Taper, flute, leading/cutting edge, land, relief, helix angle
taper - diameter change along working surface
flute - groove to collect dentine & soft tissues
leading/cutting edge - forms and deflects dentine chips
land - surface extending between flutes
relief - reduction in surface of land
helix angle - angle cutting axid forms with long axis of file
what are irrigants in endodontics?
solutions used to disinfect & clean root canal system
what are the types of endodontic irrigants?
- Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)
- Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) [removes smear layer/decalcifying]
- Chlorhexidine (used adjacent to NaOCl to enhance disinfection)
what are properties of irrigants?
- removal of debris
- lubrication
- dissolving organic & inorganic matter
- disinfection
- biological compatibility
- biofilm disruption
- penetration to canal periphery
how is the smear layer removal in endodontics and when is this done?
using EDTA 17% concentration
EDTA used after Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) to clear the smear layer.
what are obturation materials?
used to fill the clean and shaped root canal by SEALING it from the environment and promoting healing
what is the main type of obturation material used in dentistry?
- Gutta-Percha (GP Cone)
what properties do obturation materials need ideally?
- easily manipulated with ample working time
- seals canal laterally and apically
- non-irritant
- unaffected by tissue fluids
- inhibits bacterial growth
- radiopaque
- doesnt discolour tooth
- sterile
- easily removed (if needed)
what is a dental sealer in endodontics?
used to fill the voids & irregularities between the GP cones and the canal walls. Ensuring there is a fluid-tight seal
what are the ideal properties of a dental sealer?
- radiopacity, easily mixed, NO SHRINKAGE
- non-staining
- bacteriostatic
- slow set
- insoluble in tissue fluids
- tissue tolerant
- provides good adhesion
- airtight seal
what are the sealers used in dentistry?
- ZOE (Zinc Oxide & Eugenol)
- Glass ionomer sealers
- Resin sealers
- Calcium Silicate sealers
what is MTA?
Mineral trioxide aggregate
what does mineral trioxide aggregate do?
- seal root canals
- repair root canal perforations
- stimulate healing
- promotes bone growth
- preserves the tooth
