Endocrinology (Lecture 7/Chapter 5)

Question 1

endocrine

Answer 1

referring to glands that release chemicals to the interior of the body. these glands secrete the principal hormones

Question 2

neurocrine

Answer 2

referring to secretory functions of neurons, especially pertaining to synapse transmission

Question 3

autocrine

Answer 3

referring to a signal that is secreted by a cell into its environment and that feeds back to the same cell

Question 4

paracrine

Answer 4

referring ot cellular communication in which a chemical signal diffuses to nearby target cells through the intermediate extra cellular space

Question 5

pheromone

Answer 5

a chemical signal that is released outside the body of an animal and affects other members of the same species

Question 6

allomone

Answer 6

a chemical signal that is released outside the body by one species and affects the behavior of other species (flower and bee)

Question 7

What is a hormone?

Answer 7

A chemical secreted by an endocrine gland that is conveyed by the bloodstream and regulates target organs or tissues

Question 8

What are the stress hormones?

Answer 8

1. CRH (Corticotropin Releasing Hormone - Peptide hormone)
2. ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone- Peptide hormone)
3. Cortisol

Question 9

Cortisol

Answer 9

• Stimulates release of glucose stored in liver
• Immediate anti-stress action
• Prolonged cortisol release is pathologic (separation anxiety in young leads to prolonged elevations in cortisol)

Question 10

Metabolism - regulating Hormones

Answer 10

• TRH (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone)
• TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone- peptide hormone)
• Thyroid Hormones (T3, T4) T4 also known as Thyroxine
• • Thyroid hormones are critical for proper metabolic functions of all cells in the body
• —basal metabolic rate
• —generation of body heat

Question 11

Sex Hormones

Answer 11

• GnRH (Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone - peptide hormone)
• GnIH (Gonadotropin Inhibiting Hormone)
• LH (Leutinizing Hormone)
• Male hormones (Androgens- Testosterone - Steroid hormones)
• Female hormones (Estrogen, Progesterone - Steroid hormones)

Question 12

Maternal Hormones

Answer 12

• PRLH (Prolactin Releasing Hormone)
• Prolactin Inhibiting Factor (Dopamine)
• Prolactin (peptide hormone)
• Oxytocin (peptide hormone)

Question 13

Peptide hormones

Answer 13

1. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
2. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
3. Lutenizing Hormone (LH)
4. Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)
5. Prolactin
6. Oxytocin
7. Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH)
8. Gonadotropin- releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 14

Amine hormones

Answer 14

1. Epinephrine (adrenaline)
2. Norepinephrine (NE)
3. Thyroid hormones

Question 15

Steroid hormones

Answer 15

1. Estrogens (e.g. estradiol)
2. Progrestins (e.g. progesterone)
3. Androgens (e.g. testosterone)
4. Gluccocorticoids (e.g. cortisol)