Endocrinology and Reproduction Flashcards
Increase insulin production
Rise in: glucose, aa, FA Parasympathetic N S - Aco Sulfonylurea Obesity, insulin resistance Beta- adrenergic, GI hormones, GH, cortisol, glucagon
Mechanism of glucose stimulation of insulin production
Glucose>100mg/dl - transported by GLUT2 - phosphorilated - oxidated to form ATP - close ATP sensitive K channels - depolarization of membrane - open Ca channels - move lysosomes w insuline and peptide C to membrane - exocytosis.
Inhibit insulin production
Sympathetic NS Reduction in glucose Somatostatin Alfa-adrenergic activity Leptin
Withdraw of which hormone causes mentruation?
Progesterone
Immunization to produce antibodies that would bind to FSH and negate its activity is being investigated as a potential male contraceptive. Men immunized in this manner would exhibit ____.
decreased serum inhibin levels
The two essential hormones for the production of sperm (spermatogenesis) are _____.
FSH and testosterone
In males and females, secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) by the pituitary is regulated by ____.
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
In a female patient with an inactivating mutation of the estrogen receptor genes (both alpha and beta), one would expect _____.
1-low progesterone receptor number in breast tissue
B. high plasma estrogen concentration.
C. no mid-cycle LH and FSH surge.
Steroid hormones such as estrogen and progesterone _____.
A. freely diffuse through cell membranes.
In the first 8 days of the menstrual cycle, how does estrogen affect the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary?
B. Decrease
In the male and female gonad, ____ is converted to estrogen by aromatase activity.
A. androgen Correct 1.00
What hormone(s) are negatively regulated by inhibin B in the male and in the female?
A. FSH
In males and females what hormone(s) does kisspeptin regulate?
B. GnRH
What is the phenotype of a XY individual in which all forms of the enzyme, 5’alpha reductase, are inactive?
A. female
Insulin dependent glucose uptake occurs in which of the following sites?
A. kidney
B. skeletal muscle Correct
C. brain
D. cardiac muscle
Jane, a 23 year old female, presents with complaints of a 15 lb weight loss and periodic episodes of weakness 2 hours after eating. On examination you find her blood pressure is 120/80. Her laboratory data shows fasting hyperglycemia (glucose, 200 mg/dl). You suspect an endocrine pathology and request an RIA for the hormone _____.
E. insulin
Jane’s, 23 years old, complaining of weight loss and episodes of weakness 2 hours after meals. Laboratory results shows fasting hyperglycemia (glucose 200mg/dl) and confirm insulin is absent. You administer an oral glucose tolerance test. Her glucose tolerance test fails (400 mg/dL at 4 hours post ingestion) . You would classify this endocrine pathology as ______.
B. primary, pancreatic islet insufficiency.
Which of the following hormones is catabolic in its action?
E. cortisol and glucagon
During the fed state, nervous tissue derives most of its metabolic energy from:
A. glucose
During the fasting state, most of the circulating glucose is due to the _____which breaks down glycogen to glucose.
A. liver
Which of the following hormones stimulates lipolysis (break down of fat)?
A. insulin
B. aldosterone
C. insulin like growth factor 1
D. epinephrine - correct
Epinephrine acts in a synergistic manner to regulate blood levels of glucose by inhibiting:
A. insulin secretion
A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis hyperventilates because____.
C. elevated plasma H+ concentration stimulates respiratory centers.
At the end of a strenuous workout lasting 3 hours, John’s blood glucose levels were 70 mg/dL. Which of the following hormones would be increased in his blood at this time?
E. cortisol, growth hormone, and epinephrine
