Endocrinology

Question 1

what are the features of hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

Answer 1

features of hypothyroidism
goitre = firm and non-tender
anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin (Tg) antibodies

Question 2

what are features of addison’s disease ?

Answer 2

Lethargy & wekness 
hyperpigmentation (palmar creases) & vitiligo 
N&V
weight loss 
loss of pubic hair in women 
hypotension 
hypoglycaemia 
hyponatremia/hyperkalaemia

Question 3

In an episode of hypoglycemia where GCS has dropped what would you do?

Answer 3

IV glucose with impaired GCS

Question 4

in suspected primary aldosteronism what investigation would you mainly carry out?

Answer 4

plasma aldosterone/renin ratio

Question 5

what should be given to a women with addison’s disease?

how would this differ in males?

Answer 5

Hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone

in males + DHEA

Question 6

what should all patients treated with insulin be given?

Answer 6

Every person treated with insulin should have a glucagon kit for emergencies

Question 7

what does Low-normal LH, FSH suggest?

Answer 7

kallman’s syndrome

Question 8

how do you differentiate between Grave’s disease and sub-acute/De Quervain’s?

Answer 8

thyrotoxicosis with a tender goitre = subacute thyroiditis

grave’s unlikely to present with a painful goitre

Question 9

what does acute DKA management involve?

Answer 9

Every person treated with insulin should have a glucagon kit for emergencies

Question 10

what metabolic state is found in Cushing’s?

Answer 10

Cushing’s syndrome - hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis