Endocrinology

Question 1

What is the first line initial treatment for DM2?

Answer 1

Metformin (500 mg qd)

It is a biguanide insulin sensitizer.

Question 2

Diagnostic criteria for DM

Answer 2

A1c > 6.5%; FPG =/> 126 mg/dL; Sx’s of hyperglycemia (3 P’s: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphasia) plus random blood glucose =/> 200 mg/dL; 2 hr plasma glucose =/> 200 mg/dL during OGTT w/ 75-g glucose load

Question 3

Risk factors for DM

Answer 3

Overweight/obese w/ BMI > 30; abdominal obesity; sedentary lifestyle; metabolic syndrome; minority race; positive fhx; hx gestational diabetes; infant weight at birth > 9 lb.; impaired fasting glucose or glucose tolerance

Question 4

What is the criteria for Metabolic Syndrome?

Answer 4

Any 3: obesity (BMI >/= 30), abdominal obesity, waist size 40 in men/35 female; HTN/BP > 130/85; dyslipidemia (trigl > 150, HDL < 40 in males and < 50 in females); hyperglycemia w/ FPG > 100 or DM2 dx

Question 5

What are the lab results for subclinical hypothyroidism?

Answer 5

Elevated TSH > 5.0 mU/L

Normal free T4

Question 6

What are the lab results for subclinical hyperthyroidism?

Answer 6

Decreased TSH < 0.5

Normal freeT4

Question 7

What is the normal lab range for TSH?

Answer 7

Between 0.5 to 5.0 mU/L