Endocrinology

Question 1

Sweating + (paroxysmal?) hypertension + headaches

Answer 1

Phaeochromocytoma

Question 2

Tanned skin, no holiday

Answer 2

Addison’s disease

Question 3

Increased shoe size, spade hands, rings too small

Answer 3

acromegaly

Question 4

Hyperthyroidism + eye disease + smooth skin

Answer 4

Grave’s disease

Question 5

Moon face, central obesity with thin limbs, buffalo hump, abdominal striae

Answer 5

Cushing’s syndrome

Question 6

Ketones on breath

Answer 6

DKA

Question 7

Kaussmaul breathing

Answer 7

patient is trying to create a respiratory alkalosis (by blowing of CO2) to compensate for metabolic acidosis (esp. DKA)

Question 8

“orphan annie” nuclei, psammoma bodies

Answer 8

papillary thyroid cancer

Question 9

bones, stones, groans, psychic moans

Answer 9

hypercalcaemia

Question 10

butterfly rash

Answer 10

SLE

Question 11

heat intolerance/palpitations

Answer 11

hyperthyroidism

Question 12

cold intolerance/weight gain

Answer 12

hypothyroidism

Question 13

anosmia, isolated GnRH deficiency

Answer 13

Kallman’s syndrome

Question 14

trousseau sign, chovstek’s sign, QT prolongation on ECG

Answer 14

hypocalcaemia

Question 15

brachydactyly (short 4th and 5th metacarpals)

Answer 15

pseudohypoparathyroidism (if no biochemical changes = pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism)

Question 16

which is more biologically active - T3 or T4?

Answer 16

T3

Question 17

state the components of

1) T3
2) T4

Answer 17

1) MIT + DIT

2) DIT + DIT

Question 18

Hypothyroidism Symptoms

Answer 18

BRADYCARDIC
B = bradycardic
R = reflexes relax slowly
A = ascities +/- oedema
D = dry, thin skin and hair
Y = yawning
C = cold intolerance
A = ataxia
R = round puffy face
D = depression
I = immobile/ileus
C= constipation

Question 19

how to remember what’s produced in each layer of the adrenal cortex: ‘Go Find Rex; Make Good Sex’

Answer 19

Glomerulosa –> Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

Fasciculata –> Glucocorticoids (cortisol)

Reticularis –> Sex hormones (DHEA)