Endocrinology Flashcards
Give two examples of peptide hormones
Insulin, FSH, LH
Give three examples of steroid (or cholesterol derivative) hormones
- Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
- Glucorticoids (cortisol)
- Androgens (oestrogen and testosterone)
Give the 3 zones of the adrenal cortex
- Zona glomerulosa
- Zona fasciculata
- Zona reticularis
What is produced in the adrenal medulla?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
What form of hormones are norepinephrine and epinephrine?
Amines
Give the 5 steps in the production of epinephrine in the adrenal medulla
L-Tyrosine –> L- dopa –> Dopamine –> Norepinephrine –> Epinephrine
T3 and T4 are stored in the thyroid in what substance?
Stored in colloid bound to thyroglobulin
What stimulates the movement of T3 and T4 into the bloodstream?
TSH
Which of the anterior or posterior pituitary is descended from the brain (floor of the ventricles) and appears brighter on MRI?
Posterior pituitary
Anterior pituitary is formed of what?
Ectoderm (roof of mouth)
Vasopressin and oxytocin are released from what part of the pituitary?
Posterior
Oxytocin and vasopressin are synthesised where?
In the hypothalamus.
Are released down axons of hypothalamic - hypophyseal tract and stored in axon terminals in posterior pituitary
Released from posterior pituitary
Name 6 hormones released by the anterior pituitary
TSH GH ACTH LH FSH Prolactin
A functioning pituitary tumour can lead to 3 main pathologies, what are they?
- Prolactinoma - always rule out first
- Acromegaly
- Cushing’s
Give 5 signs or symptoms of a prolactinoma
- Galactorrhoea
- Amenorrhoea
- Infertility
- Loss of libido
- Visual field defect
- Headache
- CSF leak (rare)
