Endocrinology Flashcards
Most accepted and unifying hypothesis of metabolic syndrome
Insulin resistance
Excellent marker for insulin resistance
Hypertriglyceridemia
Criteria for Metabolic syndrome
Central obesity Hypertriglyceridemia Low HDL cholesterol Hypertension Fasting glucose
DM is diagnosed with FBS of :
126
DM is diagnosed with OGTT of
200
DM is diagnosed with Hba1c of
> 6.5
Most common functioning pituitary adenoma
Prolactinoma
Second most common pituitary adenoma
Somatotroph adenoma
Postpartum necrosis of anterior pituitary gland presenting as sudden cessation of lactation
Sheehan syndrome
Headache, diplopia, hypopituitarism
Pituitary apoplexy
Thyroid malignancy with Hurthle cells, invades blood vessels
Follicular thyroid Ca
Thyroid Malignancy: derived from C cells , MEN associated
Medullary thyroid CA
Thyroid Ca: Giant cells and spindle cells seen; poor prognosis
Anaplastic thyroid CA
Most common cause of hypothyroidism in iodine sufficient areas
Hashimotos thyroiditis
Most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide
Iodine deficiency
Chronic inflammatory infiltrate of the thyroid gland with multinucleate giant cells
Subacute thyroiditis
Most commom cause of painful thyroid gland; associated with viral infection (coxsackie)
Subacute, granulomatous, De quervain thyroiditis
Lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland with hyperplastic germinal centers , patchy disruption and collapse of thyroid follicles; no fibrosis and hurthle cell metaplasia
Lymphocytic thyroiditis
Condition where normal thyrood tissues are replaced by fibrous tissue; usually associated with sclerosing mediastinitis
Reidel thyroiditis
Presents with hyperthyrodism, opthalmopathy, dermopathy
Graves disease
Histopathologic finding of Graves disease
Diffuse thyroid hypertrophy and hyperplasia
Most common primary thyroid CA in adults and children
Papillary thyroid CA
Disease associated with PSaMMoma Bodies
Papillary thyroid Ca
Serous cystadenoma of the ovaries
Mesothelioma
Meningioma
Most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism
Parathyroid adenoma
Elevated PTH, normal calcium levels
Pseudohypoparathyroidism/ Tertiary hyperprathyroidism
Elevated PTH occuring in CKD patients
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Difficult to treat hypertension associated with hypokalemia
Hyperaldosteronism
Adrenals are converted to sacs of clotted blood , which virtually obscures underlying detail
Waterhous Friesrichsen syndrome
