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UWORLD 2CK > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common type of neuropathy in diabetics?

A

symmetrical distal polyneuropathy

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2
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis in someone that presents with the clinical features of adrenal insufficiency with calcifications in the adrenal glands?

A

adrenal tuberculosis

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3
Q

Hypercalcemia due to primary hyperparathyroidism is associated with ___ or inappropriately ___ serum parathyroid hormone levels.

A

elevated; normal

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4
Q

What is the drug of choice for diabetic neuropathy?

A

TCAs

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5
Q

How can TCAs worsen urinary symptoms?

A

cystopathy

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6
Q

How can TCAs worsen orthostatic hypotension?

A

due to cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy

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7
Q

What is the alternative treatment for diabetic neuropathy patients that do not react well to TCAs?

A

gabapentin

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8
Q

What blood pressure do you want to aim for in patients with diabetic nephropathy?

A

130/80

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9
Q

What is the most common thyroid malignancy?

A

papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

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10
Q

What type of thyroid cancer is associated with radiation during childhood and a family history?

A

papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

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11
Q

What is the typical set of Ca, PO4, and PTH findings in someone with chronic GI disease?

A

low Ca, low PO4, and high PTH

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12
Q

What are the typical presenting symptoms of a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)?

A

altered mental status, volume depletion, polyuria

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13
Q

How would you diagnose hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state in a type 2 diabetic?

A

serum glucose >600, plasma osmolality >320, and absent ketonemia

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14
Q

What are the first steps in the evaluation of a patient with a thyroid nodule?

A

TSH measurement and ultrasound

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15
Q

What test is indicated in a patient with a low TSH?

A

Radionuclide scan

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16
Q

How is the symptomatic presentation and pain profile of osteomalacia different from osteoporosis?

A

osteomalacia has bone pain and weakness but osteoporosis does not

17
Q

What should you suspect in a patient with hypokalemic alkalosis in a normotensive patient?

A

surreptitious vomiting

18
Q

How do patients with Bartter’s syndrome present?

A

hypokalemia, alkalosis, normotension, and HIGH URINE CHLORIDE CONCENTRATIONS

19
Q

What medications can precipitate a hemolytic episode due to G6PD deficiency?

A

sulfa drugs (like TMP-SMX), antimalarials, and nitrofurantoin

20
Q

What is the first line treatment for central DI?

A

desmopressin (intranasal form preferred)

21
Q

What type of testicular tumor can result in increased estrogen production with secondary inhibition of LH and FSH?

A

Leydig cell tumor

UWORLD 2CK (8 decks)

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