Endocrinology

Question 1

Treatment for central diabetes inspidus

Answer 1

Fluid therapy, vasopressin or dDAVP (desmopressin)

Question 2

Treatment for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Answer 2

Treat underlying disorder, thiazides

Question 3

Diagnostic for hyperpituitarism

Answer 3

Serum somatomedin C (IGF-I)

Question 4

Medical management for thyroid storm

Answer 4

Methimazole or PTU

MOA: inhibit iodine organification and coupling in the thyroid

Question 5

Medical management for hypothyroidism

Answer 5

Sodium L-thyroxine (for life)

Question 6

Most common thyroid disease in children and adolescents

Answer 6

Thyroiditis
AKA lymphocytic/Hashimoto/autoimmune thyroiditis

HLA-DR4 and HLA-DR5

Question 7

Positive thyroid antiperoxidase antibodies (TPOAbs)

Answer 7

Thyroiditis

Question 8

(+) Chvostek or Trosseau sign with laryngeal and carpopedal spasm
Muscular pain or cramps
Numbness, stiffness or tingling of extremities
Convulsions

Answer 8

Hypoparathyroidism (hypocalcemia)

Question 9

These are transmitted from mother to fetus only during the latter part of pregnancy, thereby predisposing the infant to infections, convulsions/spasms, anemia

Answer 9

Calcium
IgG
Iron

Question 10

Emergency treatment for neonatal tetany

Answer 10

IV Calcium Gluconate

Question 11

Painful bones, renal stones, abdominal groans, psychic moans, fatigue overtones

Answer 11

Hyperparathyroidism

Question 12

Treatment for precocious puberty

Answer 12

Leuprolide acetate

Question 13

21-hydroxylase deficiency

Answer 13

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Question 14

Treatment for congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Answer 14

Hydrocortisone

Question 15

Deficient production of cortisol or aldosterone due to congenital or acquired lesions of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland or adrenal cortex

Answer 15

Addison’s diesease (ACTH insufficiency)

Question 16

Abnormally high levels of cortisol causing obesity with associated hypertension

Answer 16

Cushing syndrome

Question 17

Where the catecholamine-secreting tumor in pheochromocytoma arise from

Answer 17

Chromaffin cells

Question 18

Excessive secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine due to a tumor in the adrenal medulla

Answer 18

Pheochromocytoma

Question 19

Elevated blood or urinary levels of catecholamines

Increased urinary secretion of vanillylmandelic acid

Answer 19

Pheochromocytoma

Question 20

47-XXY chromosome

Answer 20

Klinefelter syndrome

Chromosomal aneuploidy in males

Question 21

Treatment for Klinfelter syndrome

Answer 21

Testosterone replacement

Enanthate ester

Question 22

45X chromosomal complement

Answer 22

Turner syndrome

Question 23

Treatment for Turner syndrome

Answer 23

Recombinant GH

Estrogen replacement

Question 24

Undetected hypoglycemia typically in the middle of the night followed by hyperglycemia in the morning

Answer 24

Somogyi effect (result of insulin or diabetes meds working too strongly at the wrong time)

Question 25

Early morning hyperglycemia

Answer 25

Dawn phenomenon (counterregulatory hormones maintain glucose while we are asleep)

Question 26

Diagnostic that predicts risk of progression of diabetic complications

Answer 26

HBA1c (glycohemoglobin)