Endocrinology Flashcards
Treatment for central diabetes inspidus
Fluid therapy, vasopressin or dDAVP (desmopressin)
Treatment for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Treat underlying disorder, thiazides
Diagnostic for hyperpituitarism
Serum somatomedin C (IGF-I)
Medical management for thyroid storm
Methimazole or PTU
MOA: inhibit iodine organification and coupling in the thyroid
Medical management for hypothyroidism
Sodium L-thyroxine (for life)
Most common thyroid disease in children and adolescents
Thyroiditis
AKA lymphocytic/Hashimoto/autoimmune thyroiditis
HLA-DR4 and HLA-DR5
Positive thyroid antiperoxidase antibodies (TPOAbs)
Thyroiditis
(+) Chvostek or Trosseau sign with laryngeal and carpopedal spasm
Muscular pain or cramps
Numbness, stiffness or tingling of extremities
Convulsions
Hypoparathyroidism (hypocalcemia)
These are transmitted from mother to fetus only during the latter part of pregnancy, thereby predisposing the infant to infections, convulsions/spasms, anemia
Calcium
IgG
Iron
Emergency treatment for neonatal tetany
IV Calcium Gluconate
Painful bones, renal stones, abdominal groans, psychic moans, fatigue overtones
Hyperparathyroidism
Treatment for precocious puberty
Leuprolide acetate
21-hydroxylase deficiency
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Treatment for congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Hydrocortisone
Deficient production of cortisol or aldosterone due to congenital or acquired lesions of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland or adrenal cortex
Addison’s diesease (ACTH insufficiency)
Abnormally high levels of cortisol causing obesity with associated hypertension
Cushing syndrome
Where the catecholamine-secreting tumor in pheochromocytoma arise from
Chromaffin cells
Excessive secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine due to a tumor in the adrenal medulla
Pheochromocytoma
Elevated blood or urinary levels of catecholamines
Increased urinary secretion of vanillylmandelic acid
Pheochromocytoma
47-XXY chromosome
Klinefelter syndrome
Chromosomal aneuploidy in males
Treatment for Klinfelter syndrome
Testosterone replacement
Enanthate ester
45X chromosomal complement
Turner syndrome
Treatment for Turner syndrome
Recombinant GH
Estrogen replacement
Undetected hypoglycemia typically in the middle of the night followed by hyperglycemia in the morning
Somogyi effect (result of insulin or diabetes meds working too strongly at the wrong time)
Early morning hyperglycemia
Dawn phenomenon (counterregulatory hormones maintain glucose while we are asleep)
Diagnostic that predicts risk of progression of diabetic complications
HBA1c (glycohemoglobin)
