ENDOCRINOLOGY

Question 1

HYPERPROLACTINEMIA DUE TO METOCLOPRAMIDE

Answer 1

DOPAMINE ANTAGONIST THAT BINDS TO D2 RECEPTORS AND STIMULATES RELEASE OF PROLACTIN BY ANT PITUITARY

Question 2

HYPERCALCEMIA
-CAUSES

Answer 2

d/t hyperparathyroidism or malignancy

Question 3

ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY

Answer 3

inability of adrenal gland to produce mineralocorticoid hormone

Question 4

carbimazole moa

Answer 4

blocks thyroid peroxidase from coupling and inhibiting iodination tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin

Question 5

Gitelman syndrome

Answer 5

reabsorptive defect of the NaCl symporter in the DCT

Question 6

Electrolyte abnormality in Cushing disease

Answer 6

hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis
- low potassium , sodium and water retention with increased excretion of chloride

Question 7

SIADH

Answer 7

hyponatraemia secondary to the dilutional effects of excessive water retention
2.excessive release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, which leads to water retention, volume expansion, and dilutional hyponatraemia

Question 8

Bartter’s syndrome

Answer 8

(usually autosomal recessive) of severe hypokalaemia due to defective chloride absorption at the Na+ K+ 2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC2) in the ascending loop of Henle.

Question 9

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Answer 9

features of hypothyroidism
goitre: firm, non-tender
anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and also anti-thyroglobulin (Tg) antibodies