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CC2 Endocrinology > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

These hormones reach their target within the same site by diffusing through interstitial fluid.

A

Paracrine

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2
Q

These hormones act back on the cells which act as the source of the hormones to modulate their secretion or the intracellular processes involved.

A

Autocrine

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3
Q

These hormones are produced by neurons. Oftentimes, they are referred to as neurohormones.

A

Neurocrine hormones

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4
Q

cytokines

A

Paracrine hormones

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5
Q

prolactin (PRL) produced by the anterior pituitary gland.

A

Autocrine hormones.

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6
Q

acetylcholine and dopamine

A

Neurocrine hormones.

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7
Q

Hormones from the hypothalamus or the gastro intestinal tract suppress the secretion of another
organ

A

) Inhibiting hormones

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8
Q

They are the ultimate hormones responsible for causing physiologic processes.

A

) Effector hormones

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9
Q

Hormones found in the hypothalamus promote the secretion of anterior pituitary hormones

A

Releasing hormones.

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10
Q

These are secreted by all endocrine glands other than the anterior pituitary gland and the hypothalamus.

A

Effector hormones.

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11
Q

Polypeptide hormones are
synthesized first as a __

A

pre-prohormone.

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12
Q

contains a leader sequence of amino acids called a signal sequence.

A

pre-prohormone

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13
Q

A pre-prohormone contains a leader sequence of amino acids called

A

signal sequence.

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14
Q

Within the secretory vesicle, the resulting product called a ______ is then enzymatically cleaved
to a smaller active hormone molecule

A

prohormone

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15
Q

provides the body with immediate access to the hormone in time of increased
demand

A

storage vesicle

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16
Q

cleaved by proteases to form the C-peptide and the active insulin hormone.

A

Pro-insulin i

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17
Q

Group II Hormones

A

polypeptides, glycoproteins, and catecholamines

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18
Q

Signal transduction is frequently done by a system of intramembrane proteins called

A

G proteins

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19
Q

Group I Hormones

A

steroids and thyroid hormones

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20
Q

Group of hormones that can diffuse through the cell
membrane and enter the cell.

A

Group I

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21
Q

These signals stimulate the cerebral cortex or neutral centers by thoughts, emotions, stress, or
circadian/periodic rhythms.

A

Neural signals.

22
Q

stimulate their target organs to secretem effector hormones.

A

Tropic hormones

23
Q

ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete

A

cortisol

24
Q

TSH stimulates the thyroid
gland to secrete

A

T3 and T4

25
Q

The secretion of ADH is very responsive to an increase plasma osmolality

A

Variation in blood osmolality.

26
Q

The release of hormones in the gastro-intestinal tract is stimulated by the presence of

A

foods in situ.

27
Q

In this mechanism, the final hormone produced regulates its own secretion by inhibiting the secretion
of one or more of the precursor hormones.

A

Negative Feedback.

28
Q

In this mechanism, the final hormone produced in a cascade enhances or induces the initial hormone
and causes its own production to be increased.

A

Positive Feedback

29
Q

An example of this is the simulation of the gonadotropin production during mid-menstrual cycle by the
increased levels of estrogen-17-B

A

Positive Feedback

30
Q

A number of glands that signal each other in sequence is usually referred to as an

A

axis

31
Q

located in the third ventricle and is directly above the pituitary

A

hypothalamus

32
Q

*The pituitary is anatomically connected with the hypothalamus by the

A

infundibulum,

33
Q

*The hypothalamus contains neurosecretory cells that produce stimulating, releasing, and inhibiting

A

neuropeptides or hormones

34
Q

controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, [1] fatigue, sleep, and circadian
cycles.

A

hypothalamus

35
Q

stimulates the release of ACTH and other hormones
e.g: beta-lipotropins and B-endorphins.

A

Corticotrophin-releasing hormone(CRH)

36
Q

decreases the level of prolactin. This factor has been found out to be Dopamine.

A

Prolactin-inhibiting factor (PIF)

37
Q

stimulates the release of TSH

A

Thyrotropin -releasing hormones (TRH)

38
Q

decreases the level of growth hormone. It is also known as Somatostatin

A

. Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH)

39
Q

stimulates the release of Thyrotropin and Prolactin.

A

Prolactin-releasing factor (PRF)

40
Q

increases the level of growth hormone. It is also known as Somatocrinin.

A

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

41
Q

decreases the level of melanocyte stimulating hormone.

A

Melanocyte-inhibiting factor (MIF)

42
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
is also known as

A

Arginine Vasopressin.

43
Q

stimulates uterine muscle contraction and milk ejection reflex

A

. Oxytocin

44
Q

increases the reabsorption of water from the glomerular filter and urine promotes vasoconstriction

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

45
Q

located on the posterior wall of the third ventricle of the Cerebrum, at the
base of the brain.

A

PINEAL GLAND

46
Q

Pineal gland pharmacologic function: Decreased level of melatonin is needed for the maturation of gonads.

A

Inhibition of the pituitary-gonadal axis

47
Q

Pineal gland pharmacologic function: Decreased level of melatonin during the day.

A

Regulation of circadian rhythms axis.

48
Q

an amine derived from the amino acid tryptophan.

A

Melatonin

49
Q

excreted in the urine and can be assayed using urine
as sample

A

5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)

50
Q
A

CC2 Endocrinology (1 decks)

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