endocrinology

Question 1

what results in ketoacidosis?

Answer 1

increased lipolysis since excessive fatty acids are converted to ketones

Question 2

A 19 year old man with type 1 diabetes mellitus attends the Diabetes clinic for his regular check-up. A blood sample is taken for routine monitoring and from the results the doctor concludes that patient’s pancreas has completely stopped producing any insulin.

Which measurement allowed the doctor to make this conclusion?

Answer 2

plasma C-peptide levels
* C-peptide is released with insulin in equimolar amounts, its level in plasma is a useful marker of endogenous insulin release.
* Measurement of plasma C-peptide levels in patients receiving insulin can therefore be used to monitor any endogenous insulin secretion because medical preparations of insulin to be used as a drug for injection into patients does not contain any C-peptide.

Question 3

If saline solution has a conc of 308 mOsmol/L, what is the concentration of Na+ ions?

Answer 3

Salt has 2 ions Na+ + Cl
So the conc of Na+ = 154mM

Question 4

What is the role of the secondary neurons in controlling appetite?

Answer 4

Co-ordinate response to appetite via the vagus nerve

Question 5

Through which channel does glucose enter pancreatic beta cells after a meal?

Answer 5

GLUT2

Question 6

What is the term to describe glucose in the urine?

Answer 6

Glucosuria