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STEP 3 > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

DM1 symptoms

A
  • 3P (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia)
  • weight loss
  • blurry vision
  • reccurent infections
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2
Q

DM1 or 2 diagnosis

A

1 of the following

  1. random glucose >200 + symptoms
  2. 2 fasting glucose >126
  3. > 200 glucose 2 hours after 75g oral glucose
  4. HBA1C >6.5
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3
Q

short acting insulins (onset and duration) / dosage

A
  1. aspart: 10-20mins (1-3 hours duration) / 3-4 times with meals
  2. Lispro 5-10 (30-90 mins) - 3-4 times with meals
  3. regular: 30-60 (5-8 hours) - 2 times with NPH
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4
Q

interm acting insulins (onset and duration) / dosage

A

NPH: 2-4 hours (6-10 hours) - 2 times with NPH

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5
Q

long-acting insulins (onset and duration) / dosage

A
  1. Detemir 2h (20h) - 1-2 times

2. Glargine 1-4h (24) 1 time

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6
Q

DM2 first-line treatment / GOAL?

A

lifestyle

The goal is HBA1C less than 7

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7
Q

contraindications for metformin

A
  1. renal failure
  2. conditions predisposing lactic acidosis
  3. with contrast agents
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8
Q

Biganides - drugs/ SE

A

metformin

SE: lactic acidosis, diarrhea, GI, metallic testa, weight loss

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9
Q

Sulfonylureas - drugs

A

1st generation: Chlorpropamide

2nd: glipizide, glyburide

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10
Q

Sulfonylureas- SE / contraindications

A

SE: low gl, weight gain, type 4 hypersensitivity
contraindications: liver or renal disease

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11
Q

Meglitinides - drugs - SE, contraindication

A

repaglinide
low gl
renal / liver

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12
Q

a-glucosidase inh - drugs - SE, contraindication

A
  • acarbose
  • Flatulence, GI, High LFTs
    renal liver
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13
Q

Thiazolidinediones - drugs - SE, contraindication

A

Rosi/pioglitazone
SE: LIVER, ANEMIA, EDEMA, HF
conraind: liver, HF

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14
Q

GLP1 agonist - drugs - SE, contraindication

A

exenatide/liraglutide
SE: GI, weight loss, low gl
- renal

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15
Q

Dipeptidyl peptidase inh - drugs - SE, contraindication

A

sitagliptin, vildagliptin
SE: GI, weight loss, low gl
- renal

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16
Q

SGLT2 inh - drugs - SE, contraindication

A

Canaglifozin
SE: UTI, low gl
- renal

17
Q

DIABETIC ketoacidos vs HHS first line treatment

A

ketoac: insulin
HHS: fluids

18
Q

DIABETIC ketoacidos vs HHS first line treatment

A

ketoac: insulin
HHS: fluids

19
Q

hypothyroidism - check

A

best initial: TSH and free T4

- ALSO CHECK ANTITHYROID PEROXIDASE ANTIBODIES (HASHIMOTO)

20
Q

contraindication for radioactive iodine uptake

A

pregnancy

21
Q

contraindication for radioactive iodine uptake

A

pregnancy

22
Q

methimazol vs propylthiouracil in pregnancy

A

propylthiouracil

23
Q

methimazol vs propylthiouracil in pregnancy

A

propylthiouracil

24
Q

best initial test for a thyroid nodule (explain)

A

TSH
high –> US for biopsy
Low: iodide –> if cold fna
normal –> fna

25
Q

best initial test for high Ca (explain

A

PTH
high –> 1ry hyperparathyroidism
normal or low –> malignancy, sardoidosis, vitamin d etc

26
Q

high Ca treatment

A

1st: iv dliods
2nd: bisphosphonates + calcitonin
if still –> furosemide

27
Q

T score - explanation

A

more than -1: normal
-1 to - 2.5 osteopenia
less than 2.5: osteoporosis
less than 2.5 + fracture: severe osteoporosis

28
Q

osteoporosis: first line treatment

A

biphosphinates –> if doesnot work –> combination with SERM

29
Q

Best initial test for cushing

A

overnight dexamethasone test or measurement of urinary or salivary cortisol

30
Q

ACTH independed cushing - adenoma vs arcinoma

A

adenoma has low DHEA

31
Q

Addison disease - diagnosis

A

measure 8 am serum cortisol (lower than 5) and plasma ACTH to confirm low serum cortisol levels. Then check a cosyntropin stimulation test (cortisol (lower than 20) before and after administration of acth).

32
Q

acromegaly tests:

A

best initial: serum IGF-1

next best: orgal glucose tolerance (GH before and 2 hours after 75g glucose –> failure to suppress confirm diagnosis)

33
Q

MEN 1 (werner syndrome)

A

PTH
pancreatic islet cell tumor
pituitary

34
Q

MEN 2A (sipple syndrome)

A

pth
thyroid medullary
pheo

35
Q

MEN 2B

A 
thyroid medullary
pheo
neuromas
galioneuromatosis of the colon
Marfan like habitys
36
Q

pheo - best initial test

A

urinary or plasma free metanephrines and normetanephrines

STEP 3 (3 decks)

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