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Endocrine System > Endocrine Vobulary > Flashcards

Endocrine Vobulary Flashcards

1
Q

Peptides

A

water soluable proteins

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2
Q

Steroids

A

Sex hormones (oestrogen)

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3
Q

Amino Acid derivatives

A

adrenaline, thyroxine

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4
Q

thermo =

A

temperature

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5
Q

regulatory =

A

regulation

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6
Q

TRH

A

Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone

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7
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

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8
Q

GHRH

A

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone

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9
Q

GHIH

A

Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone

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10
Q

GH

A

Growth Hormone

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11
Q

CRH

A

Corticotropin Releasing Hormone

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12
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

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13
Q

MSH

A

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone

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14
Q

PRH

A

Prolactin Releasing Hormone

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15
Q

PIH

A

Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone

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16
Q

PRL

A

Prolactin (produce lactation)

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17
Q

GnRH

A

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone

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18
Q

FSH

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

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19
Q

LH

A

Luteinising Hormone

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20
Q

ADH

A

Antidiuretic Hormone

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21
Q

Hypoglycaemia

A

low blood sugar

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22
Q

T4

A

Thyroxine (4-iodine atoms)

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23
Q

T3

A

Triiodothyronine (3-iodine atoms)

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24
Q

circadian rhythms

A

biological processes that follow a 24-hour cycle

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25
Q

corpus lutem

A

a hormone secreting structure that develops in an ovary following ovulation

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26
Q

hypovolaemia

A

low blood volume (too little fluid in the body)

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27
Q

gigantism

A

excess GH while bones are still developing - massive heights

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28
Q

acromegaly

A

excess GH post-puberty (after growth plates have closed) - grows outward

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29
Q

cardiomegaly

A

enlargement of the heart

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30
Q

galactorrhoea

A

production of milk from the breast outside of pregnancy or lactation / flow of milk from breast not associated with childbirth

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31
Q

amenorrhoea

A

absence of menses in a female who has reached reproductive age

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32
Q

insipid

A

bland

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33
Q

hypercalcaemia

A

high calcium blood levels

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34
Q

hypokalaemia

A

high potassium blood levels

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35
Q

polydipsia

A

extreme thirst

36
Q

polyuria

A

excess urine production / increased urination

37
Q

syncope

A

fainting due to hypovolaemia

38
Q

metabolic =

A

catabolic + anabolic

39
Q

Tg

A

thyroglobulin - thyroid protein rich in tyrosine

40
Q

TgAb

A

Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies - often found in autoimmune thyroid diseases

41
Q

parafollicular cells

A

lie between follicles

42
Q

colloid

A

fluid inside parafollicular cells that contain thyroglobulin

43
Q

Free T3 & T4

A

unbound form of thyroid hormones - more bioavailable to target cells and tissues

44
Q

hypothyroidism

A

low thyroid hormone - underactive thyroid

45
Q

arthralgia

A

joint pain

46
Q

goitre

A

swelling of thyroid gland that causes a lump in the front of the neck

47
Q

myxoedema

A

swelling of skin & soft tissue, usually around the eyes

48
Q

bradycardia

A

resting heart rate under 60bpm

49
Q

levothyroxine

A

thyroid hormone replacement

50
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

elevated thyroid hormone - overactive thyroid

51
Q

exophthalmos

A

bulging eyes

52
Q

Calcitonin

A

produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland - lowers blood calcium

53
Q

PTH

A

Parathyroid Hormone - increases blood calcium

54
Q

tetany

A

involuntary muscle contractions and increased neuromuscular activity (cramps & spasms)

55
Q

Adrenaline

A

epinephrine

56
Q

Noradrenaline

A

norepinephrine

57
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

mostly cortisol - used to treat inflam diseases

58
Q

Mineralocorticoids

A

mostly aldosterone - maintains water and electrolyte balance

59
Q

sex hormones are mostly

A

androgens

60
Q

gluconeogenesis

A

metabolic process that creates glucose from proteins & lipids (non-carb sources)

61
Q

proteolysis

A

amino acids from protein

62
Q

DHEA

A

dehydroepiandrosterone

63
Q

hypercortisolaemia

A

high levels of cortisol in the body

64
Q

Prednisolone

A

corticosteroid medication

65
Q

Adrenal Adenoma

A

benign or malignant tumours

66
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive male pattern hair growth

67
Q

hyperpigmentation

A

darkening of an area of skin or nails caused by increased melanin (MSH)

68
Q

glycogenesis

A

glycogen synthesis - process converting glucose into glycogen for storage (liver and muscles)

69
Q

glycogenolysis

A

breaks down glycogen to make glucose in liver and skeletal muscles

70
Q

lipogenesis

A

fat synthesis - process converting fatty acids and glycerol into fats/triglycerides for storage in fat (liver and adipose tissue)

71
Q

lipolysis

A

break down stored fat for use for metabolism. Metabolic pathway through which lipid triglycerides are hydrolysed into glycerol and free fatty acids. Used to metabolise stored energy during fasting or exercise.

72
Q

hyperglycaemia

A

elevated blood glucose levels

73
Q

IDDM

A

Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1)

74
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive appetite

75
Q

glycosuria

A

glucose in urine

76
Q

ketoacidosis

A

mitochondria uses ketones to make energy - fruity smelling breath (exhaled acetone)

77
Q

Chromium

A

mineral that increases insulin binding to cells - increasing the number of insulin receptor cells)

78
Q

AN - acanthuses nigricans

A

skin condition that causes dry, dark, velvety patches of thickened skin in body folds and creases (neck, armpit, groin)

79
Q

hypercholesterolaemia

A

high cholesterol

80
Q

retinopathy

A

diabetic eye disease - retina blood vessels swell and leak

81
Q

nephropathy

A

diabetic kidney disease

82
Q

Angiotensinogen

A

Precursor for BP regulation.

Liver tissue produces this hormone.

83
Q

hCG

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin
Placental tissue produces this hormone

84
Q

Cholecalciferol

A

Precursor to Vit D

Skin tissue produces this hormone.

85
Q

IGF

A

Insulin-like Growth Hormone

Liver tissues produce this hormone.

Endocrine System (1 decks)

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