Endocrine Vobulary Flashcards
1
Q
Peptides
A
water soluable proteins
2
Q
Steroids
A
Sex hormones (oestrogen)
3
Q
Amino Acid derivatives
A
adrenaline, thyroxine
4
Q
thermo =
A
temperature
5
Q
regulatory =
A
regulation
6
Q
TRH
A
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone
7
Q
TSH
A
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
8
Q
GHRH
A
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone
9
Q
GHIH
A
Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone
10
Q
GH
A
Growth Hormone
11
Q
CRH
A
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone
12
Q
ACTH
A
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
13
Q
MSH
A
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
14
Q
PRH
A
Prolactin Releasing Hormone
15
Q
PIH
A
Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone
16
Q
PRL
A
Prolactin (produce lactation)
17
Q
GnRH
A
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
18
Q
FSH
A
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
19
Q
LH
A
Luteinising Hormone
20
Q
ADH
A
Antidiuretic Hormone
21
Q
Hypoglycaemia
A
low blood sugar
22
Q
T4
A
Thyroxine (4-iodine atoms)
23
Q
T3
A
Triiodothyronine (3-iodine atoms)
24
Q
circadian rhythms
A
biological processes that follow a 24-hour cycle
25
corpus lutem
a hormone secreting structure that develops in an ovary following ovulation
26
hypovolaemia
low blood volume (too little fluid in the body)
27
gigantism
excess GH while bones are still developing - massive heights
28
acromegaly
excess GH post-puberty (after growth plates have closed) - grows outward
29
cardiomegaly
enlargement of the heart
30
galactorrhoea
production of milk from the breast outside of pregnancy or lactation / flow of milk from breast not associated with childbirth
31
amenorrhoea
absence of menses in a female who has reached reproductive age
32
insipid
bland
33
hypercalcaemia
high calcium blood levels
34
hypokalaemia
high potassium blood levels
35
polydipsia
extreme thirst
36
polyuria
excess urine production / increased urination
37
syncope
fainting due to hypovolaemia
38
metabolic =
catabolic + anabolic
39
Tg
thyroglobulin - thyroid protein rich in tyrosine
40
TgAb
Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies - often found in autoimmune thyroid diseases
41
parafollicular cells
lie between follicles
42
colloid
fluid inside parafollicular cells that contain thyroglobulin
43
Free T3 & T4
unbound form of thyroid hormones - more bioavailable to target cells and tissues
44
hypothyroidism
low thyroid hormone - underactive thyroid
45
arthralgia
joint pain
46
goitre
swelling of thyroid gland that causes a lump in the front of the neck
47
myxoedema
swelling of skin & soft tissue, usually around the eyes
48
bradycardia
resting heart rate under 60bpm
49
levothyroxine
thyroid hormone replacement
50
hyperthyroidism
elevated thyroid hormone - overactive thyroid
51
exophthalmos
bulging eyes
52
Calcitonin
produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland - lowers blood calcium
53
PTH
Parathyroid Hormone - increases blood calcium
54
tetany
involuntary muscle contractions and increased neuromuscular activity (cramps & spasms)
55
Adrenaline
epinephrine
56
Noradrenaline
norepinephrine
57
Glucocorticoids
mostly cortisol - used to treat inflam diseases
58
Mineralocorticoids
mostly aldosterone - maintains water and electrolyte balance
59
sex hormones are mostly
androgens
60
gluconeogenesis
metabolic process that creates glucose from proteins & lipids (non-carb sources)
61
proteolysis
amino acids from protein
62
DHEA
dehydroepiandrosterone
63
hypercortisolaemia
high levels of cortisol in the body
64
Prednisolone
corticosteroid medication
65
Adrenal Adenoma
benign or malignant tumours
66
hirsutism
excessive male pattern hair growth
67
hyperpigmentation
darkening of an area of skin or nails caused by increased melanin (MSH)
68
glycogenesis
glycogen synthesis - process converting glucose into glycogen for storage (liver and muscles)
69
glycogenolysis
breaks down glycogen to make glucose in liver and skeletal muscles
70
lipogenesis
fat synthesis - process converting fatty acids and glycerol into fats/triglycerides for storage in fat (liver and adipose tissue)
71
lipolysis
break down stored fat for use for metabolism. Metabolic pathway through which lipid triglycerides are hydrolysed into glycerol and free fatty acids. Used to metabolise stored energy during fasting or exercise.
72
hyperglycaemia
elevated blood glucose levels
73
IDDM
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1)
74
polyphagia
excessive appetite
75
glycosuria
glucose in urine
76
ketoacidosis
mitochondria uses ketones to make energy - fruity smelling breath (exhaled acetone)
77
Chromium
mineral that increases insulin binding to cells - increasing the number of insulin receptor cells)
78
AN - acanthuses nigricans
skin condition that causes dry, dark, velvety patches of thickened skin in body folds and creases (neck, armpit, groin)
79
hypercholesterolaemia
high cholesterol
80
retinopathy
diabetic eye disease - retina blood vessels swell and leak
81
nephropathy
diabetic kidney disease
82
Angiotensinogen
Precursor for BP regulation.
Liver tissue produces this hormone.
83
hCG
Human chorionic gonadotropin
Placental tissue produces this hormone
84
Cholecalciferol
Precursor to Vit D
Skin tissue produces this hormone.
85
IGF
Insulin-like Growth Hormone
Liver tissues produce this hormone.
