Endocrine/Urinary Vocab

Question 1

Hormone

Answer 1

chemical messengers released into the blood to be transported leisurely throughout the body

Question 2

Steroids

Answer 2

Include sex hormones made by the gonads and hormones produced by the adrenal cortex

Question 3

Tropic Hormone

Answer 3

a hormone that stimulates an endocrine gland to grow and secrete it’s hormones.

Question 4

Growth Hormone

Answer 4

a hormone that stimulates growth in animal or plant cells, especially (in animals) a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland.

Question 5

Pineal Body

Answer 5

a pea-sized conical mass of tissue behind the third ventricle of the brain, secreting a hormonelike substance in some mammals.

Question 6

Hypothalamus

Answer 6

a region of the forebrain below the thalamus that coordinates both the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituitary, controlling body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other homeostatic systems, and involved in sleep and emotional activity.

Question 7

Pituitary Gland

Answer 7

the major endocrine gland. A pea-sized body attached to the base of the brain, the pituitary is important in controlling growth and development and the functioning of the other endocrine glands.

Question 8

Thyroid Gland

Answer 8

a large ductless gland in the neck that secretes hormones regulating growth and development through the rate of metabolism.

Question 9

Parathyroid Gland

Answer 9

small endocrine glands in the neck of humans and other tetrapods that produce parathyroid hormone. Humans usually have four parathyroid glands, variably located on the back of the thyroid gland

Question 10

Adrenal Gland

Answer 10

Either of two small endocrine glands, one located above each kidney. The outer portion, or cortex, secretes steroid hormones. The inner portion, or medulla, secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Question 11

Pancreas

Answer 11

a large gland behind the stomach that secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum. Embedded in the pancreas are the islets of Langerhans, which secrete into the blood the hormones insulin and glucagon.

Question 12

Gonads

Answer 12

an organ that produces gametes; a testis or ovary.

Question 13

Kidneys

Answer 13

each of a pair of organs in the abdominal cavity of mammals, birds, and reptiles, excreting urine.

Question 14

Nephrons

Answer 14

each of the functional units in the kidney, consisting of a glomerulus and its associated tubule, through which the glomerular filtrate passes before emerging as urine.

Question 15

Uric Acid

Answer 15

an almost insoluble compound that is a breakdown product of nitrogenous metabolism. It is the main excretory product in birds, reptiles, and insects.

Question 16

Creatinine

Answer 16

a compound that is produced by metabolism of creatine and excreted in the urine.

Question 17

Nitrogenous Waste

Answer 17

Any metabolic waste product that contains nitrogen. Urea and uric acid are the most common

Question 18

Urea

Answer 18

a colorless crystalline compound that is the main nitrogenous breakdown product of protein metabolism in mammals and is excreted in urine.

Question 19

Urethra

Answer 19

the duct by which urine is conveyed out of the body from the bladder, and which in male vertebrates also conveys semen.

Question 20

Urine

Answer 20

a watery, typically yellowish fluid stored in the bladder and discharged through the urethra. It is one of the body’s chief means of eliminating excess water and salt

Question 21

Urinary Bladdar

Answer 21

a hollow muscular organ that collects urine from the kidneys before disposal by urination.

Question 22

Electrolyte Balance

Answer 22

Maintaining the right balance of electrolytes helps your body’s blood chemistry, muscle action and other processes.

Question 23

Intracellular Fluid

Answer 23

water that is inside the cell makes up about 42% of the total body weight. The fluid inside the cell is called intracellular fluid

Question 24

Extracellular Fluid

Answer 24

extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) usually denotes all body fluid outside the cells. The remainder is called intracellular fluid