Endocrine systems

Question 1

Anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 1

Adenohypophysis classical gland composed of cells that secret protein hormone

Question 2

What pituitary gland does?

Answer 2

Master gland. Excrete hormones that have regularly effect over others . Located at base of brain, 1 cm diameter, protected by sella turcica of sphenoid bone.

Question 3

What pituitary gland controlled by?

Answer 3

Hypothalamus therefore , hypothalamus exerts a global effect over all endocrine glands!

Question 4

Function of anterior pituitary?

Answer 4

Connected to hypothalamus by portal blood supply system . Veins carry blood from capillaries in pituitary gland. Hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones reflect influence on anterior pituitary hormones. Secrets 6 hormones.

Question 5

Posterior pituitary?

Answer 5

Neurogypophysis. Directly connected to hypothalamus by nerve tract. Composed of nerve tissue secretes 2 hormones. Post pituitary hormones produced in hypothalamus then travel down axons and Are stored in terminal axons of post pituitary until released into blood. Acts as storage area for hypothalamus.

Question 6

3 factores which influence hormone concentration?

Answer 6

Rate of production. Rate of delivery( blood flow). Rate of degradation and elimination.

Question 7

Example of neg feedback

Answer 7

TRH ( hypothalamus) TSH (anterior pituitary) t3 and t4 by thyroid

Question 8

What are the hormones released by anterior pituitary?

Answer 8

GH, TSH, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, gonadotropic ( FSH and LH), B lipotropin

Question 9

Action of TSH?

Answer 9

Stimulate secretion of t3 and t4 by thyroid

Question 10

Action of GH?

Answer 10

Growth and development of skeletal muscles and bones, affect persons size and height, control protein, carbs and lipid metabolism.

Question 11

Action of adrenocorticotropic hormones?

Question 12

Action of prolactin?

Answer 12

Milk production and breast development

Question 13

Action of FSH ?

Answer 13

Female follicle maturation and estrogen secretion. Male Leydig cells, testicular cells that produce testosterone sper development.

Question 14

Action of LH?

Answer 14

Release of ova from ovaries

Question 15

Disorders of anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 15

Hypopituitarism( pituitary dwarfism ) hyperpituitarism( gigantism, acromegaly)

Question 16

Hypopituitarism pathophysiology

Answer 16

Deficiency or decrease of one or more hormones by anterior pituitary . Selective hypopituitarism -1 or more deficiencies. Panhypopiruitaeism - total failure of pituitary gland. Most frequent dificiencies GH and gonadotropins.

Question 17

Causes of hypopituitarism?

Answer 17

Pituitary rumors, destruction, infarction, infections, vascular and autoimmune disorders