Endocrine System Uwu Flashcards
What is the major stimulus for the release of parathyroid hormone from the parathyroid gland?
Humoral stimuli
What are the 6 hormones secreted from the anterior pituitary gland?
TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, GH, prolactin
What are the 2 hormones secreted from the posterior pituitary gland?
ADH and Oxytocin
Which hormone listed below is not involved in glucose metabolism? A. Glucagon B. Cortisone C. Aldosterone D. Insulin E. Glucocorticoids
C. Aldosterone
is involved with the reabsorption of sodium.
Parathyroid hormone?
A. Increases bone formation and lowers blood calcium levels
B. Increases calcium excretion from the body
C. Decreases calcium absorption from the gut
D. Demineralizes bone and raises blood calcium levels
E. Is produced in small exocrine glands located on the back of the thyroid
D. Parathyroid hormone demineralizes bone and raises blood calcium levels.
Testosterone is to the male as what hormone is to the female?
Estrogen, both control sex characteristics
A hypodermic injection of epinephrine would do which of the following?
A. Increase heart rate, increase blood pressure, dilate bronchi, increase peristalsis
B. Decrease heart rate, decrease blood pressure, constrict bronchi, increase peristalsis
C. Decrease heart rate, increase blood pressure, constrict bronchi, decrease peristalsis
D. Increase heart rate, increase blood pressure, dilate bronchi, decrease peristalsis
E. Increase heart rate, decrease blood pressure, dilate bronchi, decrease peristalsis
D. Increase heart rate, increase blood pressure, dilate bronchi, decrease peristalsis (know what Adrenalin does)
If anterior pituitary secretion of growth hormone is deficient in a growing child, the child will?
A. Develop acromegaly
B. Become a dwarf but have fairly normal body proportions
C. Mature sexually at an earlier than normal age
D. Be in constant danger of becoming dehydrated
E. Develop into a giant
B. Become a dwarf but have fairly normal body proportions
If there is adequate carbohydrate intake, normal secretion of insulin results in?
A. Lower blood sugar levels B. Increased cell utilization of glucose C. Storage of glycogen D. Conversion of glucose to fat E. All of the above
E. All of the above
What is the differences between the nervous and endocrine system?
Nervous responses are rapid, short duration, short distance neurotransmitter and action potential regulated, and specific locations.
Endocrine responses are slow, long duration, hormone release into blood, non-specific locations (anywhere the blood goes) and long distance.
Absence of thyroxine would result in which of the following?
A. Increased heart rate and increased force of heart contraction
B. Depression of the central nervous system and lethargy
C. Increased body temperature
D. Higher metabolic rate
E. Excessive sweating and irritability
B. Depression of the central nervous system and lethargy. All others are characteristic of hyperthyroidism
Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANP) secreted by the heart has the opposite effect of what hormone secreted in the zoneglomerulosa of the adrenal gland?
A. Anti diuretic hormone B. Epinephrine C. Calcitonin D. Aldosterone E. Angiotensinogen
D. Aldosterone
stimulates sodium retention while ANP inhibits sodium retention.
Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) is produced by which area of the diencephalon?
The hypothalamus area
The venous connection between the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis is called the?
The hypophyseal portal system
Which statement about the thyroid hormone (TH) is true?
A. TH is secreted in response to TSH B. TH has four active forms C. Th lowers basal metabolic rate D. Th decreases body temperature E. TH causes lethargy and hypothyroidism
A. Th is secreted in response to TSH
What statement is true about LH & FSH?
A. Both are gonadotropins secreted by the adenohypophysis
B. Both are gonadotropins secreted by the gonads
C. Both are gonadotropins secreted by the hypothalamus
D. Both are gonadotropins secreted by the neurohypophysis
E. Both are gonadotropins secreted by the posterior pituitary
A. Both are gonadotropins secreted by the adenohypophysis
What statement is true about type two diabetes mellitus?
A. is most common in young children
B. best managed with injections of insulin
C. Is the most common form of diabetes
D. Is not affected by diet and exercise
E. Is usually seen in thin malnourished people
C. Is the most common form of diabetes
Which anatomical structure is not associated with the hypothalamus?
A. Neurons in the paraventricular nuclei B. Neurons in the supraoptic nuclei C. Infundiblium D. Zona glomerulosa E. Hypophyseal portal system
D. Zona glomerulosa
is part of the adrenal gland and is not associated with the hypothalamus
what major body process below is not directly controlled by the endocrine system?
A. Cardiovascular function B. Reproductive processes C. Growth and development processes D. Digestive processes E. Electrolyte and water balance processes
A. Cardiovascular function
is directly controlled by the nervous system, however hormones could have an indirect effect on the heart
Characteristics of exocrine glands include all of the following, except?
A. Non-hormonal material secreted through ducts
B. Holocrine, merocrine, and endocrine secretions
C. Secrete onto internal and external body surfaces
D. Millions of glands scattered throughout the body
E. Include sweat glands, salivary glands, and mucous glands
B. Endocrine secretions are not exocrine secretions
The most common mechanism for hormonal activity on target cells is the fact that?
Hormones stimulate messenger activation or deactivation which affect other cell events
Hormonal target cell activation requires all of the following, except?
A. Specific hormonal binding receptors on or within target cells
B. Adequate number of action potentials and neural synapse communications
C. Adequate hormone blood levels
D. Specific binding affinity between hormone and specific target receptors
E. Hormonal cell specificity in either all body cells or in specific body cells
B. An adequate number of action potentials in neural synapse communications
is a function of the nervous system not the endocrine system
Which item about the nervous system is false?
A. Produces rapid changes to stimuli
B. Produces very specific responses to stimuli
C. Communicates by release of neurotransmitters at synapses
D. Produces a response only as long as the neural stimuli continues
E. Functions totally independently of the endocrine system
E. The nervous system does not function independently of the endocrine system
Steroid hormones are smaller than amino acid hormones. Which statement below about steroid hormones is true? Steroid hormones?
A. Binding to specific receptors on the surface of the cell
B. Function by way of a second messenger system
C. Cannot diffuse through the cell membrane because they are too large
D. Bind to intracellular receptions within the cell nucleus and stimulate gene activation
E. Function by activation of cAMP
D. Steroid hormones bind to intracellular reception receptors within the cell nucleus and stimulate gene activation
